Birgit Bjerre Høyer1,2,3, Virissa Lenters4, Aleksander Giwercman5, Bo A G Jönsson6, Gunnar Toft7, Karin S Hougaard8,9, Jens Peter E Bonde10, Ina Olmer Specht10,11. 1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. Birgit.Hoeyer@regionh.dk. 2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. Birgit.Hoeyer@regionh.dk. 3. Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. Birgit.Hoeyer@regionh.dk. 4. Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway. 5. Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmo, Sweden. 6. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden. 7. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. 8. National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. 9. Section of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark. 10. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. 11. The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to systematically review the literature linking di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure with effects on reproductive health in adult males. RECENT FINDINGS: Thirty-three papers were included of which 28 were cross-sectional. Twenty-one papers investigated semen samples, 18 investigated reproductive hormones, and three studies investigated time to pregnancy. Studies revealed some but inconsistent indications that higher urinary DEHP metabolite levels are associated with an increase in the proportion of spermatozoa with damaged DNA and to a decrease in sperm concentration and motility. A negative association between DEHP metabolites and testosterone levels was more consistent. DEHP metabolites do not seem to be associated with a delay in time to pregnancy, but data are sparse. The studies on DEHP exposure and reproductive biomarkers in men converge to support the hypothesis that DEHP exposure is related to impaired male reproductive function. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish if the observed associations are causal.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to systematically review the literature linking di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure with effects on reproductive health in adult males. RECENT FINDINGS: Thirty-three papers were included of which 28 were cross-sectional. Twenty-one papers investigated semen samples, 18 investigated reproductive hormones, and three studies investigated time to pregnancy. Studies revealed some but inconsistent indications that higher urinary DEHP metabolite levels are associated with an increase in the proportion of spermatozoa with damaged DNA and to a decrease in sperm concentration and motility. A negative association between DEHP metabolites and testosterone levels was more consistent. DEHP metabolites do not seem to be associated with a delay in time to pregnancy, but data are sparse. The studies on DEHP exposure and reproductive biomarkers in men converge to support the hypothesis that DEHP exposure is related to impaired male reproductive function. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish if the observed associations are causal.
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