Ramin Heshmat1, Mostafa Qorbani2,3, Nafiseh Mozaffarian4, Shirin Djalalinia5, Ali Sheidaei6, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh7, Saeid Safiri8, Kimia Gohari6, Asal Ataie-Jafari9, Gelayol Ardalan4, Hamid Asayesh10, Morteza Mansourian11, Roya Kelishadi4. 1. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Baghestan Boulevard, Karaj, 31485/56, Iran. mqorbani1379@yahoo.com. 3. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mqorbani1379@yahoo.com. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5. Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 8. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. 9. Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 10. Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. 11. Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality and determinants of screen time (ST) frequency in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: This nationwide study was conducted as part of a national school-based surveillance program among 36,486 students consisting of 50.79% boys and 74.23% urban inhabitants, aged 6-18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Socioeconomic inequality in ST, including the time spent for ST, watching TV and leisure-time working with computer, was assessed across quintiles of SES using concentration index (C) and slope index of inequality (SII). RESULTS: Overall, 36,486 students completed the study (response rate 91.25%). Their mean (SD) age was 12.14 (3.36) years. The national estimation of frequency of ST was 31.66% (95% CI 31.16-32.17) with ascending change from 20.80% (95% CI 19.81-21.82) to 36.66% (95% CI 35.47-37.87) from the first to the last quintal of SES. Estimated C value at national level was positive (0.08), which indicate inequality was in favor of low SES groups. Considering the SII values, at national level [- 0.16 (- 0.39, 0.06)], the absolute difference in ST frequency between the bottom and top of the socioeconomic groups had descending trends. In multivariate logistic regression model, family history of obesity, generalized obesity and age were the main significant determinants of prolonged ST, watching TV, and computer working (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic inequality in ST frequency was in favor of low SES groups. These findings are useful for health policies, better programming and future complementary analyses.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality and determinants of screen time (ST) frequency in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: This nationwide study was conducted as part of a national school-based surveillance program among 36,486 students consisting of 50.79% boys and 74.23% urban inhabitants, aged 6-18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Socioeconomic inequality in ST, including the time spent for ST, watching TV and leisure-time working with computer, was assessed across quintiles of SES using concentration index (C) and slope index of inequality (SII). RESULTS: Overall, 36,486 students completed the study (response rate 91.25%). Their mean (SD) age was 12.14 (3.36) years. The national estimation of frequency of ST was 31.66% (95% CI 31.16-32.17) with ascending change from 20.80% (95% CI 19.81-21.82) to 36.66% (95% CI 35.47-37.87) from the first to the last quintal of SES. Estimated C value at national level was positive (0.08), which indicate inequality was in favor of low SES groups. Considering the SII values, at national level [- 0.16 (- 0.39, 0.06)], the absolute difference in ST frequency between the bottom and top of the socioeconomic groups had descending trends. In multivariate logistic regression model, family history of obesity, generalized obesity and age were the main significant determinants of prolonged ST, watching TV, and computer working (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic inequality in ST frequency was in favor of low SES groups. These findings are useful for health policies, better programming and future complementary analyses.
Entities:
Keywords:
Inequality; Iran; Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition; Screen time
Authors: Nguyen H H D Trang; Tang K Hong; Hidde P van der Ploeg; Louise L Hardy; Patrick J Kelly; Michael J Dibley Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2013-03 Impact factor: 5.043
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