Jun S Lai1, Shu E Soh1, See Ling Loy2, Marjorelee Colega1, Michael S Kramer3,4, Jerry K Y Chan2,5, Thiam Chye Tan6, Lynnette P C Shek1,7, Fabian K P Yap5,8, Kok Hian Tan9, Keith M Godfrey10, Yap Seng Chong1,3, Mary F F Chong11,12. 1. Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore. 2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 3. Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. 4. Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada, USA. 5. Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. 6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 7. Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. 8. Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 9. Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 10. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. 11. Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore. mary_chong@nus.edu.sg. 12. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #09-01Q, Singapore, 117549, Singapore. mary_chong@nus.edu.sg.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the associations of energy, macronutrient and food intakes with GWG on 960 pregnant women from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) mother-offspring cohort. METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed at 26-28 weeks' gestation with a 24-hour recall and 3-day food diary. GWG z-scores were calculated from first (4-13 weeks' gestation) and last (30-40 weeks gestation) measured weights; inadequate and excessive GWG were defined using the Institute of Medicine recommendations based on weights between 15 and 35 weeks' gestation. Associations were examined using substitution models for macronutrient composition, with linear or multinomial logistic regressions. RESULTS: Mean ± SD daily energy intake was 1868 ± 598 kcal, and percentage energy intakes were 51.8 ± 8.9% from carbohydrate, 15.7 ± 3.9% from protein and 32.6 ± 7.7% from fat. Higher energy intake (per 500 kcal increment) was associated with 0.18 SD higher GWG. In isocaloric diets, higher-carbohydrate and lower-fat intakes (at 5% energy substitution) were associated with 0.07 SD higher GWG, and 14% higher likelihood of excessive GWG. Concordantly, the highest tertile of carbohydrate-rich foods intake was associated with 0.20 SD higher GWG, but the highest tertile of fruit and vegetable intake was independently associated with 60% lower likelihood of inadequate GWG. Additionally, the highest tertile of dairy intake was associated with 0.18 SD lower GWG; and the highest tertile of plant-based protein foods intake was associated with 60% and 34% lower likelihood of inadequate and excessive GWG. CONCLUSIONS: Balancing the proportions of carbohydrates and fat, and a higher intake of plant-based protein foods may be beneficial for achieving optimal GWG.
PURPOSE: To examine the associations of energy, macronutrient and food intakes with GWG on 960 pregnant women from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) mother-offspring cohort. METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed at 26-28 weeks' gestation with a 24-hour recall and 3-day food diary. GWG z-scores were calculated from first (4-13 weeks' gestation) and last (30-40 weeks gestation) measured weights; inadequate and excessive GWG were defined using the Institute of Medicine recommendations based on weights between 15 and 35 weeks' gestation. Associations were examined using substitution models for macronutrient composition, with linear or multinomial logistic regressions. RESULTS: Mean ± SD daily energy intake was 1868 ± 598 kcal, and percentage energy intakes were 51.8 ± 8.9% from carbohydrate, 15.7 ± 3.9% from protein and 32.6 ± 7.7% from fat. Higher energy intake (per 500 kcal increment) was associated with 0.18 SD higher GWG. In isocaloric diets, higher-carbohydrate and lower-fat intakes (at 5% energy substitution) were associated with 0.07 SD higher GWG, and 14% higher likelihood of excessive GWG. Concordantly, the highest tertile of carbohydrate-rich foods intake was associated with 0.20 SD higher GWG, but the highest tertile of fruit and vegetable intake was independently associated with 60% lower likelihood of inadequate GWG. Additionally, the highest tertile of dairy intake was associated with 0.18 SD lower GWG; and the highest tertile of plant-based protein foods intake was associated with 60% and 34% lower likelihood of inadequate and excessive GWG. CONCLUSIONS: Balancing the proportions of carbohydrates and fat, and a higher intake of plant-based protein foods may be beneficial for achieving optimal GWG.
Authors: Fabian Yap; See Ling Loy; Chee Wai Ku; Mei Chien Chua; Keith M Godfrey; Jerry Kok Yen Chan Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2022-07-14 Impact factor: 3.105
Authors: Naomi Cano-Ibáñez; Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano; Miguel Angel Luque-Fernández; Sandra Martín-Peláez; Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas; Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-10-28 Impact factor: 3.390