BACKGROUND: Inaccuracy of component alignment in total knee arthroplasty adversely impacts outcomes. Robotic systems improve translation of pre-operative planning to intra-operative steps, theoretically resulting in greater accuracy and precision. In this study we systematically review literature data of alignment outcomes and apply meta-analysis methods to assess whether robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty provides superior outcomes when compared to conventional knee prostheses. METHODS: A PRISMA compliant search comparing alignment outcomes in robotic vs conventional knee arthroplasty was performed. Primary outcome measures were; number of three degree outliers and mean deviation from a neutral post-operative mechanical axis. RESULTS: In total, from five studies reporting upon 402 knees, a post-operative mechanical axis malalignment of >3° occurred in 1/181 (0.006%) of robotic knees, and 42/159 (26.4%) of conventional knees with a meta-analysis odds ratio of 0.04 (95% CI 0.01-0.14), p < 0.00001 favouring robotic-assisted instrumentation. Meta-analysis also demonstrated weighted mean differences of post-operative mechanical axis alignment to be significantly more accurate in the robotic knee group: mean difference -0.63 (95% CI: -1.18,-0.08), z = 2.25, p = 0.02. Sensitivity analysis with inclusion of only Level 1 studies showed similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates clear evidence of increased accuracy of alignment in robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty with specific regard to reconstituting a neutral mechanical axis and minimising number of outliers in the coronal plane. Further studies and long term data is required in order to conclude on survivorship and functional outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Inaccuracy of component alignment in total knee arthroplasty adversely impacts outcomes. Robotic systems improve translation of pre-operative planning to intra-operative steps, theoretically resulting in greater accuracy and precision. In this study we systematically review literature data of alignment outcomes and apply meta-analysis methods to assess whether robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty provides superior outcomes when compared to conventional knee prostheses. METHODS: A PRISMA compliant search comparing alignment outcomes in robotic vs conventional knee arthroplasty was performed. Primary outcome measures were; number of three degree outliers and mean deviation from a neutral post-operative mechanical axis. RESULTS: In total, from five studies reporting upon 402 knees, a post-operative mechanical axis malalignment of >3° occurred in 1/181 (0.006%) of robotic knees, and 42/159 (26.4%) of conventional knees with a meta-analysis odds ratio of 0.04 (95% CI 0.01-0.14), p < 0.00001 favouring robotic-assisted instrumentation. Meta-analysis also demonstrated weighted mean differences of post-operative mechanical axis alignment to be significantly more accurate in the robotic knee group: mean difference -0.63 (95% CI: -1.18,-0.08), z = 2.25, p = 0.02. Sensitivity analysis with inclusion of only Level 1 studies showed similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates clear evidence of increased accuracy of alignment in robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty with specific regard to reconstituting a neutral mechanical axis and minimising number of outliers in the coronal plane. Further studies and long term data is required in order to conclude on survivorship and functional outcomes.
Authors: Ryan J O'Rourke; Anthony J Milto; Brian P Kurcz; Steven L Scaife; D Gordon Allan; Youssef El Bitar Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2022-04-13 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Samuel J MacDessi; Gregory C Wernecke; Durga Bastiras; Tamara Hooper; Emma Heath; Michelle Lorimer; Ian Harris Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2022-06-10 Impact factor: 3.006
Authors: Reha N Tandogan; Nanne P Kort; Ersin Ercin; Floris van Rooij; Luca Nover; Mo Saffarini; Michael T Hirschmann; Roland Becker; David Dejour Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2021-03-01 Impact factor: 4.114