Peter Axelsson1, Per Fredrikson2, Anders Nilsson3, Jonny K Andersson3, Johan Kärrholm4. 1. Department of Hand Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden. Electronic address: peter.axelsson@vgregion.se. 2. Department of Orthopaedics, Hallands Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden. 3. Department of Hand Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden. 4. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To establish reference values for new methods designed to quantitatively measure forearm torque and lifting strength and to compare these values with grip strength. METHODS: A total of 499 volunteers, 262 males and 237 females, aged 15 to 85 (mean, 44) years, were tested for lifting strength and forearm torque with the Kern and Baseline dynamometers. These individuals were also tested for grip strength with a Jamar dynamometer. Standardized procedures were used and information about sex, height, weight, hand dominance, and whether their work involved high or low manual strain was collected. RESULTS: Men had approximately 70% higher forearm torque and lifting strength compared with females. Male subjects aged 26 to 35 years and female subjects aged 36 to 45 years showed highest strength values. In patients with dominant right side, 61% to 78% had a higher or equal strength on this side in the different tests performed. In patients with dominant left side, the corresponding proportions varied between 41% and 65%. There was a high correlation between grip strength and forearm torque and lifting strength. Sex, body height, body weight, and age showed a significant correlation to the strength measurements. In a multiple regression model sex, age (entered as linear and squared) could explain 51% to 63% of the total variances of forearm torque strength and 30% to 36% of lifting strength. CONCLUSIONS: Reference values for lifting strength and forearm torque to be used in clinical practice were acquired. Grip strength has a high correlation to forearm torque and lifting strength. Sex, age, and height can be used to predict forearm torque and lifting strength. Prediction equations using these variables were generated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Normative data of forearm torque and lifting strength might improve the quality of assessment of wrist and forearm disorders as well as their treatments.
PURPOSE: To establish reference values for new methods designed to quantitatively measure forearm torque and lifting strength and to compare these values with grip strength. METHODS: A total of 499 volunteers, 262 males and 237 females, aged 15 to 85 (mean, 44) years, were tested for lifting strength and forearm torque with the Kern and Baseline dynamometers. These individuals were also tested for grip strength with a Jamar dynamometer. Standardized procedures were used and information about sex, height, weight, hand dominance, and whether their work involved high or low manual strain was collected. RESULTS:Men had approximately 70% higher forearm torque and lifting strength compared with females. Male subjects aged 26 to 35 years and female subjects aged 36 to 45 years showed highest strength values. In patients with dominant right side, 61% to 78% had a higher or equal strength on this side in the different tests performed. In patients with dominant left side, the corresponding proportions varied between 41% and 65%. There was a high correlation between grip strength and forearm torque and lifting strength. Sex, body height, body weight, and age showed a significant correlation to the strength measurements. In a multiple regression model sex, age (entered as linear and squared) could explain 51% to 63% of the total variances of forearm torque strength and 30% to 36% of lifting strength. CONCLUSIONS: Reference values for lifting strength and forearm torque to be used in clinical practice were acquired. Grip strength has a high correlation to forearm torque and lifting strength. Sex, age, and height can be used to predict forearm torque and lifting strength. Prediction equations using these variables were generated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Normative data of forearm torque and lifting strength might improve the quality of assessment of wrist and forearm disorders as well as their treatments.
Authors: Francesco Luceri; Davide Cucchi; Ivan Pichierri; Carlo Eugenio Zaolino; Alessandra Menon; Joseph Martin Nikhil; Paolo Angelo Arrigoni; Pietro Simone Randelli Journal: Indian J Orthop Date: 2020-08-28 Impact factor: 1.251