Louise Emilsson1,2,3, Benjamin Lebwohl4, Peter Hr Green4, Joseph A Murray5, Karl Mårild6,7, Jonas F Ludvigsson4,8,9,10. 1. Department of Health Management and Health Economy, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Vårdcentralen Värmlands Nysäter & Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Sweden. 4. Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. 5. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 6. Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 7. Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. 8. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 9. Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden. 10. Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with celiac disease (CD) are at increased risk of certain infections, but it is unknown if mucosal healing influences this risk. METHODS: We collected data on 29,096 individuals with CD (equal to villous atrophy) through Sweden's 28 pathology departments undergoing biopsy 1969-2008. Through the Swedish Patient Register we obtained information on any infection and specifically sepsis, streptococcal infection, influenza, Clostridium difficile, herpes zoster and pneumococcal infection up until December 2009. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of future diagnosis of infection according to mucosal healing on follow-up biopsy (persistent villous atrophy vs mucosal healing). RESULTS: Of 5598 CD individuals with no record of any infections before follow-up biopsy, 45% had persistent villous atrophy, 619 (24%) of them had a later infection, compared to 579 (19%) in those with mucosal healing (p < 0.01); the yearly incidence was 2.1% in both groups. Adjusting for age, sex, calendar period, time between biopsies and education, persistent villous atrophy was however not associated with later infection overall (HR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.88-1.11) or with any of the specific infections. CONCLUSIONS: In CD, mucosal healing does not influence the risk of serious infection requiring hospital-based medical attention.
BACKGROUND: Patients with celiac disease (CD) are at increased risk of certain infections, but it is unknown if mucosal healing influences this risk. METHODS: We collected data on 29,096 individuals with CD (equal to villous atrophy) through Sweden's 28 pathology departments undergoing biopsy 1969-2008. Through the Swedish Patient Register we obtained information on any infection and specifically sepsis, streptococcal infection, influenza, Clostridium difficile, herpes zoster and pneumococcal infection up until December 2009. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of future diagnosis of infection according to mucosal healing on follow-up biopsy (persistent villous atrophy vs mucosal healing). RESULTS: Of 5598 CD individuals with no record of any infections before follow-up biopsy, 45% had persistent villous atrophy, 619 (24%) of them had a later infection, compared to 579 (19%) in those with mucosal healing (p < 0.01); the yearly incidence was 2.1% in both groups. Adjusting for age, sex, calendar period, time between biopsies and education, persistent villous atrophy was however not associated with later infection overall (HR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.88-1.11) or with any of the specific infections. CONCLUSIONS: In CD, mucosal healing does not influence the risk of serious infection requiring hospital-based medical attention.
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