Masatoshi Kudo1, Richard S Finn2, Shukui Qin3, Kwang-Hyub Han4, Kenji Ikeda5, Fabio Piscaglia6, Ari Baron7, Joong-Won Park8, Guohong Han9, Jacek Jassem10, Jean Frederic Blanc11, Arndt Vogel12, Dmitry Komov13, T R Jeffry Evans14, Carlos Lopez15, Corina Dutcus16, Matthew Guo16, Kenichi Saito16, Silvija Kraljevic17, Toshiyuki Tamai16, Min Ren16, Ann-Lii Cheng18. 1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: m-kudo@med.kindai.ac.jp. 2. Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA, USA. 3. Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. 4. Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. 5. Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 6. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 7. California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. 8. National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang-si, South Korea. 9. Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. 10. Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. 11. University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. 12. Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. 13. N N Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia. 14. University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK. 15. Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain. 16. Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA. 17. Eisai, Hatfield, UK. 18. National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In a phase 2 trial, lenvatinib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1-3, FGF receptors 1-4, PDGF receptor α, RET, and KIT, showed activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to compare overall survival in patients treated withlenvatinib versus sorafenib as a first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: This was an open-label, phase 3, multicentre, non-inferiority trial that recruited patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, who had not received treatment for advanced disease, at 154 sites in 20 countries throughout the Asia-Pacific, European, and North American regions. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via an interactive voice-web response system-with region; macroscopic portal vein invasion, extrahepatic spread, or both; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; and bodyweight as stratification factors-to receive oral lenvatinib (12 mg/day for bodyweight ≥60 kg or 8 mg/day for bodyweight <60 kg) or sorafenib 400 mg twice-daily in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival, measured from the date of randomisation until the date of death from any cause. The efficacy analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle, and only patients who received treatment were included in the safety analysis. The non-inferiority margin was set at 1·08. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01761266. FINDINGS:Between March 1, 2013 and July 30, 2015, 1492 patients were recruited. 954 eligible patients were randomly assigned to lenvatinib (n=478) or sorafenib (n=476). Median survival time for lenvatinib of 13·6 months (95% CI 12·1-14·9) was non-inferior to sorafenib (12·3 months, 10·4-13·9; hazard ratio 0·92, 95% CI 0·79-1·06), meeting criteria for non-inferiority. The most common any-grade adverse events were hypertension (201 [42%]), diarrhoea (184 [39%]), decreased appetite (162 [34%]), and decreased weight (147 [31%]) for lenvatinib, and palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia (249 [52%]), diarrhoea (220 [46%]), hypertension (144 [30%]), and decreased appetite (127 [27%]) for sorafenib. INTERPRETATION:Lenvatinib was non-inferior to sorafenib in overall survival in untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The safety and tolerability profiles of lenvatinib were consistent with those previously observed. FUNDING: Eisai Inc.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: In a phase 2 trial, lenvatinib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1-3, FGF receptors 1-4, PDGF receptor α, RET, and KIT, showed activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to compare overall survival in patients treated with lenvatinib versus sorafenib as a first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: This was an open-label, phase 3, multicentre, non-inferiority trial that recruited patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, who had not received treatment for advanced disease, at 154 sites in 20 countries throughout the Asia-Pacific, European, and North American regions. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via an interactive voice-web response system-with region; macroscopic portal vein invasion, extrahepatic spread, or both; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; and bodyweight as stratification factors-to receive oral lenvatinib (12 mg/day for bodyweight ≥60 kg or 8 mg/day for bodyweight <60 kg) or sorafenib 400 mg twice-daily in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival, measured from the date of randomisation until the date of death from any cause. The efficacy analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle, and only patients who received treatment were included in the safety analysis. The non-inferiority margin was set at 1·08. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01761266. FINDINGS: Between March 1, 2013 and July 30, 2015, 1492 patients were recruited. 954 eligible patients were randomly assigned to lenvatinib (n=478) or sorafenib (n=476). Median survival time for lenvatinib of 13·6 months (95% CI 12·1-14·9) was non-inferior to sorafenib (12·3 months, 10·4-13·9; hazard ratio 0·92, 95% CI 0·79-1·06), meeting criteria for non-inferiority. The most common any-grade adverse events were hypertension (201 [42%]), diarrhoea (184 [39%]), decreased appetite (162 [34%]), and decreased weight (147 [31%]) for lenvatinib, and palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia (249 [52%]), diarrhoea (220 [46%]), hypertension (144 [30%]), and decreased appetite (127 [27%]) for sorafenib. INTERPRETATION:Lenvatinib was non-inferior to sorafenib in overall survival in untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The safety and tolerability profiles of lenvatinib were consistent with those previously observed. FUNDING: Eisai Inc.
Authors: Ali A Mokdad; Hao Zhu; Muhammad S Beg; Yull Arriaga; Jonathan E Dowell; Amit G Singal; Adam C Yopp Journal: Target Oncol Date: 2019-10 Impact factor: 4.493
Authors: Ryan M Carr; Paola A Romecin Duran; Ezequiel J Tolosa; Chenchao Ma; Abdul M Oseini; Catherine D Moser; Bubu A Banini; Jianbo Huang; Faizal Asumda; Renumathy Dhanasekaran; Rondell P Graham; Merih D Toruner; Stephanie L Safgren; Luciana L Almada; Shaoqing Wang; Mrinal M Patnaik; Lewis R Roberts; Martin E Fernandez-Zapico Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2020-01-27 Impact factor: 5.157