PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides an overview of stroke in neonates, infants, and children. RECENT FINDINGS: Arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are increasingly recognized in childhood as important causes of lifelong morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of arterial ischemic stroke is frequently delayed, as acute neurologic deficits can be challenging to detect in the young child, and stroke is often not considered in the differential diagnosis. Neurologic sequelae following stroke are common, and strategies to minimize stroke size and optimize recovery are being developed. Recurrent arterial ischemic stroke is not uncommon, particularly in children with cerebral arteriopathy. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis causes obstruction of venous outflow leading to venous infarcts. Complications include hemorrhagic conversion of infarcts and increased intracranial pressure. Without treatment, thrombus extension with increased symptoms is common. Robust guidelines of care that exist for adults do not exist for children, particularly for children with arterial ischemic stroke. SUMMARY: The approach to stroke in infants and children can be informed by clinical experience in pediatric stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, the extensive literature on pediatric thrombosis, and extrapolation from data from adult patients.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides an overview of stroke in neonates, infants, and children. RECENT FINDINGS: Arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are increasingly recognized in childhood as important causes of lifelong morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of arterial ischemic stroke is frequently delayed, as acute neurologic deficits can be challenging to detect in the young child, and stroke is often not considered in the differential diagnosis. Neurologic sequelae following stroke are common, and strategies to minimize stroke size and optimize recovery are being developed. Recurrent arterial ischemic stroke is not uncommon, particularly in children with cerebral arteriopathy. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis causes obstruction of venous outflow leading to venous infarcts. Complications include hemorrhagic conversion of infarcts and increased intracranial pressure. Without treatment, thrombus extension with increased symptoms is common. Robust guidelines of care that exist for adults do not exist for children, particularly for children with arterial ischemic stroke. SUMMARY: The approach to stroke in infants and children can be informed by clinical experience in pediatric stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, the extensive literature on pediatric thrombosis, and extrapolation from data from adult patients.
Authors: Emily J Mastej; Michelle H Leppert; Sharon Poisson; Zak Ritchey; Megan Barry; Tatjana Rundek; David S Liebeskind; David Mirsky; Timothy J Bernard; Nicholas V Stence Journal: J Child Neurol Date: 2022-09-07 Impact factor: 2.363
Authors: C Heleen van Ommen; Manuela Albisetti; Mohir Bhatt; Marianne Bonduel; Brian Branchford; Elizabeth Chalmers; Anthony Chan; Neil A Goldenberg; Susanne Holzhauer; Paul Monagle; Ulrike Nowak-Göttl; Shoshana Revel-Vilk; Gabriela Sciuccatie; Nongnuch Sirachainan; Christoph Male Journal: J Thromb Haemost Date: 2021-04 Impact factor: 5.824