Philip A May1, Julie M Hasken2, Marlene M De Vries3, Anna-Susan Marais3, Julie M Stegall2, Daniel Marsden4, Charles D H Parry5, Soraya Seedat3, Barbara Tabachnick6. 1. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, United States; Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa. Electronic address: philip_may@unc.edu. 2. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, United States. 3. Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa. 4. Fulbright U.S. Student, 2015, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa. 5. Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 7501, South Africa. 6. California State University, Northridge, CA 90802, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol use is reported accurately among pregnant women in some populations. METHODS: Self-reported alcohol use via the AUDIT and 90-day recall for 193 women from antenatal clinics was compared to biomarker results: phosphatidylethanol (PEth) from bloodspots and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in fingernails. RESULTS: AUDIT was positive for 67.9% of respondents, and 65.3% directly reported drinking. Individual biomarkers detected less drinking (PEth = 57.0%, EtG = 38.9%) than self-report. But 64.8% had drinking-positive values (>8 ng) on one or both biomarkers, which was not significantly different from self-report. Biomarkers indicated that 3.1% -6.8% of drinkers denied drinking. Combined biomarker sensitivity was 95% -80% and specificity 49% -76% for drinking in the previous 7-90 days. Combined biomarker results have their best yield (89.6%) and accuracy (78.8%) when measuring 90 day drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Women reported their alcohol use accurately, and the combined use of PEth and EtG is supported.
BACKGROUND:Alcohol use is reported accurately among pregnant women in some populations. METHODS: Self-reported alcohol use via the AUDIT and 90-day recall for 193 women from antenatal clinics was compared to biomarker results: phosphatidylethanol (PEth) from bloodspots and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in fingernails. RESULTS: AUDIT was positive for 67.9% of respondents, and 65.3% directly reported drinking. Individual biomarkers detected less drinking (PEth = 57.0%, EtG = 38.9%) than self-report. But 64.8% had drinking-positive values (>8 ng) on one or both biomarkers, which was not significantly different from self-report. Biomarkers indicated that 3.1% -6.8% of drinkers denied drinking. Combined biomarker sensitivity was 95% -80% and specificity 49% -76% for drinking in the previous 7-90 days. Combined biomarker results have their best yield (89.6%) and accuracy (78.8%) when measuring 90 day drinking. CONCLUSIONS:Women reported their alcohol use accurately, and the combined use of PEth and EtG is supported.
Keywords:
AUDIT; Alcohol; Biomarkers of alcohol use; Ethyl glucuronide (EtG); Phosphatidylethanol (PEth); Quantity and frequency of drinking; Self-report of alcohol use
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