Maria H Mehlum1,2, Knut Liestøl3, Sverre E Kjeldsen2,4,5, Stevo Julius5, Tsushung A Hua6, Peter M Rothwell7, Giuseppe Mancia8, Gianfranco Parati9,10, Michael A Weber11, Eivind Berge4. 1. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 2. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 3. Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 4. Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 5. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 6. Unit of Biostatistics and Pharmacometrics, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA. 7. Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 8. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, and Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy. 9. Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy. 10. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 11. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate College of Medicine, NY, USA.
Abstract
Aims: Blood pressure variability is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, particularly in high-risk patients. We assessed if variability was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death in hypertensive patients at different risk levels. Methods and results: The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation trial was a randomized controlled trial of valsartan vs. amlodipine in patients with hypertension and different risks of cardiovascular events, followed for a mean of 4.2 years. We calculated standard deviation (SD) of mean systolic blood pressure from visits from 6 months onward in patients with ≥3 visits and no events during the first 6 months. We compared the risk of cardiovascular events in the highest and lowest quintile of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability, using Cox regression. For analysis of death, variability was analysed as a continuous variable. Of 13 803 patients included, 1557 (11.3%) had a cardiovascular event and 1089 (7.9%) died. Patients in the highest quintile of SD had an increased risk of cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.7-2.4; P < 0.0001], and a 5 mmHg increase in SD of systolic blood pressure was associated with a 10% increase in the risk of death (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17; P = 0.002). Associations were stronger among younger patients and patients with lower systolic blood pressure, and similar between patients with different baseline risks, except for higher risk of death among patients with established cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Higher visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension, irrespective of baseline risk of cardiovascular events. Associations were stronger in younger patients and in those with lower mean systolic blood pressure.
RCT Entities:
Aims: Blood pressure variability is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, particularly in high-risk patients. We assessed if variability was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death in hypertensivepatients at different risk levels. Methods and results: The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation trial was a randomized controlled trial of valsartan vs. amlodipine in patients with hypertension and different risks of cardiovascular events, followed for a mean of 4.2 years. We calculated standard deviation (SD) of mean systolic blood pressure from visits from 6 months onward in patients with ≥3 visits and no events during the first 6 months. We compared the risk of cardiovascular events in the highest and lowest quintile of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability, using Cox regression. For analysis of death, variability was analysed as a continuous variable. Of 13 803 patients included, 1557 (11.3%) had a cardiovascular event and 1089 (7.9%) died. Patients in the highest quintile of SD had an increased risk of cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.7-2.4; P < 0.0001], and a 5 mmHg increase in SD of systolic blood pressure was associated with a 10% increase in the risk of death (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17; P = 0.002). Associations were stronger among younger patients and patients with lower systolic blood pressure, and similar between patients with different baseline risks, except for higher risk of death among patients with established cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Higher visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension, irrespective of baseline risk of cardiovascular events. Associations were stronger in younger patients and in those with lower mean systolic blood pressure.
Authors: T Reese; A L Dickson; M M Shuey; J S Gandelman; A Barnado; K A Barker; J E Neal; O A Khan; W D Dupont; C M Stein; C P Chung Journal: Lupus Date: 2019-06-20 Impact factor: 2.911
Authors: Saroj Chakraborty; Juthika Mandal; Tao Yang; Xi Cheng; Ji-Youn Yeo; Cameron G McCarthy; Camilla F Wenceslau; Lauren G Koch; Jennifer W Hill; Matam Vijay-Kumar; Bina Joe Journal: Hypertension Date: 2020-04-27 Impact factor: 10.190