Linda M Zangwill1, Radha Ayyagari1, Jeffrey M Liebmann2, Christopher A Girkin3, Robert Feldman4, Harvey Dubiner5, Keri A Dirkes1, Matthew Holmann1, Eunice Williams-Steppe1, Naama Hammel1, Luke J Saunders1, Suzanne Vega1, Kevin Sandow6, Kathryn Roll6, Rigby Slight1, Daniel Auerbach1, Brian C Samuels3, Joseph F Panarelli7, John P Mitchell2, Lama A Al-Aswad4, Sung Chul Park7, Celso Tello7, Jeremy Cotliar2, Rajendra Bansal2, Paul A Sidoti7, George A Cioffi2, Dana Blumberg2, Robert Ritch7, Nicholas P Bell4, Lauren S Blieden4, Garvin Davis4, Felipe A Medeiros1, Maggie C Y Ng8, Swapan K Das9, Nicholette D Palmer10, Jasmin Divers11, Carl D Langefeld11, Barry I Freedman12, Donald W Bowden13, Mark A Christopher1, Yii-der I Chen6, Xiuqing Guo6, Kent D Taylor6, Jerome I Rotter6, Robert N Weinreb14. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. 2. Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. 4. Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas. 5. Eye Care Center Management, Inc., Marrow, Georgia. 6. Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California. 7. Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York. 8. Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 9. Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 10. Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 11. Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 12. Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 13. Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 14. Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Electronic address: rweinreb@ucsd.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe the study protocol and baseline characteristics of the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) III. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand two hundred sixty-six glaucoma patients and control participants without glaucoma of African or European descent were recruited from 5 study centers in different regions of the United States. METHODS: Individuals of African descent (AD) and European descent (ED) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and control participants completed a detailed demographic and medical history interview. Standardized height, weight, and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Saliva and blood samples to provide serum, plasma, DNA, and RNA were collected for standardized processing. Visual fields, stereoscopic disc photographs, and details of the ophthalmic examination were obtained and transferred to the University of California, San Diego, Data Coordinating Center for standardized processing and quality review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participant gender, age, race, body mass index, blood pressure, history of smoking and alcohol use in POAG patients and control participants were described. Ophthalmic measures included intraocular pressure, visual field mean deviation, central corneal thickness, glaucoma medication use, or past glaucoma surgery. Ocular conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and past cataract surgery, were recorded. RESULTS: The 3266 ADAGES III study participants in this report include 2146 AD POAG patients, 695 ED POAG patients, 198 AD control participants, and 227 ED control participants. The AD POAG patients and control participants were significantly younger (both, 67.4 years) than ED POAG patients and control participants (73.4 and 70.2 years, respectively). After adjusting for age, AD POAG patients had different phenotypic characteristics compared with ED POAG patients, including higher intraocular pressure, worse visual acuity and visual field mean deviation, and thinner corneas (all P < 0.001). Family history of glaucoma did not differ between AD and ED POAG patients. CONCLUSIONS: With its large sample size, extensive specimen collection, and deep phenotyping of AD and ED glaucoma patients and control participants from different regions in the United States, the ADAGES III genomics study will address gaps in our knowledge of the genetics of POAG in this high-risk population.
PURPOSE: To describe the study protocol and baseline characteristics of the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) III. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand two hundred sixty-six glaucomapatients and control participants without glaucoma of African or European descent were recruited from 5 study centers in different regions of the United States. METHODS: Individuals of African descent (AD) and European descent (ED) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and control participants completed a detailed demographic and medical history interview. Standardized height, weight, and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Saliva and blood samples to provide serum, plasma, DNA, and RNA were collected for standardized processing. Visual fields, stereoscopic disc photographs, and details of the ophthalmic examination were obtained and transferred to the University of California, San Diego, Data Coordinating Center for standardized processing and quality review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participant gender, age, race, body mass index, blood pressure, history of smoking and alcohol use in POAGpatients and control participants were described. Ophthalmic measures included intraocular pressure, visual field mean deviation, central corneal thickness, glaucoma medication use, or past glaucoma surgery. Ocular conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and past cataract surgery, were recorded. RESULTS: The 3266 ADAGES III study participants in this report include 2146 ADPOAGpatients, 695 ED POAGpatients, 198 AD control participants, and 227 ED control participants. The ADPOAGpatients and control participants were significantly younger (both, 67.4 years) than ED POAGpatients and control participants (73.4 and 70.2 years, respectively). After adjusting for age, ADPOAGpatients had different phenotypic characteristics compared with ED POAGpatients, including higher intraocular pressure, worse visual acuity and visual field mean deviation, and thinner corneas (all P < 0.001). Family history of glaucoma did not differ between AD and ED POAGpatients. CONCLUSIONS: With its large sample size, extensive specimen collection, and deep phenotyping of AD and ED glaucomapatients and control participants from different regions in the United States, the ADAGES III genomics study will address gaps in our knowledge of the genetics of POAG in this high-risk population.
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