Esteban Emiliani1,2, Michele Talso1,3, Mattieu Haddad1, Christelle Pouliquen4, Jonathan Derman4, Jean-François Côté4, Steeve Doizi1, Felix Millán2, Laurent Berthe5, Marie Audouin1, Olivier Traxer1. 1. 1 Sorbonne Université , GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020 Paris, France . 2. 2 Fundación Puigvert, Department of Urology, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain . 3. 3 Ospedale Policlinico di Milano-Universita' degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy . 4. 4 Sorbonne Université , Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020 Paris, France . 5. 5 Process and Engineering in Mechanics and Materials Laboratory (PIMM) , UMR CNRS/ENSAM, Paris VI, France .
Abstract
PURPOSE: The holmium YAG (Ho:YAG) laser penetration depth (PD) of 0.4 mm has been widely described. Nonetheless, in physics, this concept refers to the tissue thickness at which 90% of the energy has been absorbed and not to the incision depth (ID) that the laser can achieve in tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ablation efficiency of Ho:YAG laser on soft tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With an automated robotic arm, systematic fissures were performed on flat veal kidney specimens. Broad setting spectrums from 2.5 to 80 W, short and long pulse, were tested with 272 and 365 μm laser fibers. Experiments were repeated three times. Two pathologists in a blinded manner measured the width, depth, and coagulation area with electronic microscopy. RESULTS: The overall mean ID was 2 mm (0.25-4.39) and the mean width was 1 mm (0.3-3.1). The mean coagulation thickness was 0.48 mm (0.25-1.73). The higher the frequency and energy, the deeper and wider was the incision p < 0.001. No differences were observed regarding the fiber diameter. The pulse length did not affect the ID, although the mean width was greater with short pulse p = 0.04. The outer mean coagulation was increased by increasing energy but not by increasing frequency p > 0.119. CONCLUSIONS: The overall mean ID was significantly higher than the theoretical 0.4 mm PD described for Ho:YAG laser. The energy, frequency, and pulse length had individual effects regarding ID, incision width, and coagulation. The ID should be specified in accordance with the laser's power output and should not be confused with the physics of PD concept.
PURPOSE: The holmium YAG (Ho:YAG) laser penetration depth (PD) of 0.4 mm has been widely described. Nonetheless, in physics, this concept refers to the tissue thickness at which 90% of the energy has been absorbed and not to the incision depth (ID) that the laser can achieve in tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ablation efficiency of Ho:YAG laser on soft tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With an automated robotic arm, systematic fissures were performed on flat veal kidney specimens. Broad setting spectrums from 2.5 to 80 W, short and long pulse, were tested with 272 and 365 μm laser fibers. Experiments were repeated three times. Two pathologists in a blinded manner measured the width, depth, and coagulation area with electronic microscopy. RESULTS: The overall mean ID was 2 mm (0.25-4.39) and the mean width was 1 mm (0.3-3.1). The mean coagulation thickness was 0.48 mm (0.25-1.73). The higher the frequency and energy, the deeper and wider was the incision p < 0.001. No differences were observed regarding the fiber diameter. The pulse length did not affect the ID, although the mean width was greater with short pulse p = 0.04. The outer mean coagulation was increased by increasing energy but not by increasing frequency p > 0.119. CONCLUSIONS: The overall mean ID was significantly higher than the theoretical 0.4 mm PD described for Ho:YAG laser. The energy, frequency, and pulse length had individual effects regarding ID, incision width, and coagulation. The ID should be specified in accordance with the laser's power output and should not be confused with the physics of PD concept.
Authors: Mark Taratkin; Christopher Netsch; Dmitry Enikeev; Andreas J Gross; Thomas R W Herrmann; Dmitry Korolev; Ekaterina Laukhtina; Petr Glybochko; Benedikt Becker Journal: World J Urol Date: 2020-06-30 Impact factor: 4.226
Authors: Benedikt Becker; Dmitry Enikeev; Petr Glybochko; Leonid Rapoport; Mark Taratkin; Andreas J Gross; Viktoriya Vinnichenko; Thomas R W Herrmann; Christopher Netsch Journal: World J Urol Date: 2019-09-12 Impact factor: 4.226
Authors: Anouk M van der Schot; Claire Jeltes; Joris van Drongelen; Mallory Woiski; Esther Sikkel; Frank P H A Vandenbussche Journal: J Med Case Rep Date: 2022-04-06