Priscilla J Hall1, Jennifer Whitman Foster2, Kathryn M Yount3, Bonnie Mowinski Jennings4. 1. Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, Georgia. Electronic address: pjhall@emory.edu. 2. Lillian Carter Center for Global Health&Social Responsibility, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, Georgia. Electronic address: jwfoste@emory.edu. 3. Department of Behavioral Sciences&Health Education, Department of Sociology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Room 7029, Atlanta 30322, Georgia. Electronic address: kathryn.yount@emory.edu. 4. Office of Academic Advancement, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, Georgia. Electronic address: bonnie.m.jennings@emory.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the complexity of women's birth experiences in the context in which they occur and to describe how these influence women's well-being in labor. DESIGN: Qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, following the analysis principles of van Manen. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Eight women from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds in Atlanta, Georgia, United States with a recent, healthy birth were interviewed twice about their experience of the labor journey. The first interview was 3-12 weeks post-partum, with the second interview at 10-22 weeks post-partum. FINDINGS: The phenomenon of childbirth was a dynamic fluctuating between keeping it together and falling apart. The changes in emotion were created by a sensitive feedback loop between the woman and her environment, the physical space, and interactions with humans present. Four characteristics supported and created this phenomenon: confidence, comfort, agency and connection. Confidence was believing in one's physical ability to birth the baby while at the same time, having the emotional resources to cope with the experience. Comfort was essential to manage pain and difficult emotions. The presence of comfort changed the meaning and experience of pain and increased relaxation. Agency was overtly supported in labor, but compromised by hospital routine and unresponsive caregiver practices, and was diminished by women's vulnerability in labor. When agency was compromised, falling apart increased, and there was a move towards intense negative emotion. In labor, women wanted an authentic human connection, being known as a person. This connection was a mechanism to support the other characteristics of comfort, confidence, and agency. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clinicians need to accommodate the complex, dynamic fluctuations of emotion during birth addressing both the physical and non-physical aspects of the person. Birth care practices and childbirth research need to account for the complexity of birth as a holistic experience, specifically regarding the emotional shifts as well as the women's sensitivity to the environment and everything contained in it. There is a need for more research related to the dynamics of emotional changes in labor, how these changes affect labor physiology and influence normal birth and birth outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the complexity of women's birth experiences in the context in which they occur and to describe how these influence women's well-being in labor. DESIGN: Qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, following the analysis principles of van Manen. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Eight women from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds in Atlanta, Georgia, United States with a recent, healthy birth were interviewed twice about their experience of the labor journey. The first interview was 3-12 weeks post-partum, with the second interview at 10-22 weeks post-partum. FINDINGS: The phenomenon of childbirth was a dynamic fluctuating between keeping it together and falling apart. The changes in emotion were created by a sensitive feedback loop between the woman and her environment, the physical space, and interactions with humans present. Four characteristics supported and created this phenomenon: confidence, comfort, agency and connection. Confidence was believing in one's physical ability to birth the baby while at the same time, having the emotional resources to cope with the experience. Comfort was essential to manage pain and difficult emotions. The presence of comfort changed the meaning and experience of pain and increased relaxation. Agency was overtly supported in labor, but compromised by hospital routine and unresponsive caregiver practices, and was diminished by women's vulnerability in labor. When agency was compromised, falling apart increased, and there was a move towards intense negative emotion. In labor, women wanted an authentic human connection, being known as a person. This connection was a mechanism to support the other characteristics of comfort, confidence, and agency. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clinicians need to accommodate the complex, dynamic fluctuations of emotion during birth addressing both the physical and non-physical aspects of the person. Birth care practices and childbirth research need to account for the complexity of birth as a holistic experience, specifically regarding the emotional shifts as well as the women's sensitivity to the environment and everything contained in it. There is a need for more research related to the dynamics of emotional changes in labor, how these changes affect labor physiology and influence normal birth and birth outcomes.