PURPOSE: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification was updated to the eighth edition in January 2017, providing staging for iris melanoma. This study evaluated outcomes of iris melanoma per the AJCC classification, eighth edition. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred thirty-two patients with iris melanoma. METHODS: Management including tumor resection, plaque radiotherapy, or enucleation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Local tumor recurrence, melanoma-related systemic metastasis, and melanoma-related death. RESULTS: Of 432 patients with iris melanoma, AJCC classification was category T1 (n = 324 [75%]), T2 (n = 83 [19%]), T3 (n = 2 [<1%]), and T4 (n = 23 [5%]). There was no difference in age, race, gender, eye, or iris color among T categories. Overall, Kaplan-Meier analysis of outcomes (at 5 and 10 years) revealed visual acuity reduction by 3 lines or more (42% and 54%, respectively), secondary glaucoma (29% and 33%, respectively), local recurrence (8% and 17%, respectively), secondary enucleation (12% and 19%, respectively), lymph node metastasis (1% and 1%, respectively), melanoma-related systemic metastasis (5% and 10%, respectively), and melanoma-related death (3% and 4%, respectively). Compared with T1 category, the hazard ratio (HR) for local recurrence in nonenucleated eyes was 1.31 for T2, not evaluable (NE) for T3 (because of small cohort), and 6.61 for T4; the HR for metastasis was 3.41 for T2, NE for T3 (because of small cohort), and 25.6 for T4; the HR for death was 7.51 for T2, NE for T3 (because of small cohort), and 26.5 for T4; and the odds ratio for enucleation was 1.23 for T2, 3.63 for T3, and 4.72 for T4. Features predictive of melanoma-related metastasis (multivariate analysis) included secondary glaucoma (P < 0.001; HR, 4.51), T2 category (vs. T1; P = 0.01; HR, 4.09), and T4 category (vs. T1; P < 0.001; HR, 30.8). Features predictive of melanoma-related death (multivariate analysis) included older age (P = 0.008; HR, 2.16 per 10-year increase), T2 category (vs. T1; P = 0.005; HR, 8.07), and T4 category (vs. T1; P < 0.001; HR, 20.3). CONCLUSIONS: The AJCC eighth edition classification provides prognostic stratification of iris melanoma. By multivariate analysis, the ratio for melanoma-related metastasis was 4 times greater in category T2 and 31 times greater in T4 compared with T1. The ratio for melanoma-related death was 8 times greater in category T2 and 20 times greater in T4 compared with T1. The cohort size for T3 was too small to provide useful information.
PURPOSE: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification was updated to the eighth edition in January 2017, providing staging for iris melanoma. This study evaluated outcomes of iris melanoma per the AJCC classification, eighth edition. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred thirty-two patients with iris melanoma. METHODS: Management including tumor resection, plaque radiotherapy, or enucleation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Local tumor recurrence, melanoma-related systemic metastasis, and melanoma-related death. RESULTS: Of 432 patients with iris melanoma, AJCC classification was category T1 (n = 324 [75%]), T2 (n = 83 [19%]), T3 (n = 2 [<1%]), and T4 (n = 23 [5%]). There was no difference in age, race, gender, eye, or iris color among T categories. Overall, Kaplan-Meier analysis of outcomes (at 5 and 10 years) revealed visual acuity reduction by 3 lines or more (42% and 54%, respectively), secondary glaucoma (29% and 33%, respectively), local recurrence (8% and 17%, respectively), secondary enucleation (12% and 19%, respectively), lymph node metastasis (1% and 1%, respectively), melanoma-related systemic metastasis (5% and 10%, respectively), and melanoma-related death (3% and 4%, respectively). Compared with T1 category, the hazard ratio (HR) for local recurrence in nonenucleated eyes was 1.31 for T2, not evaluable (NE) for T3 (because of small cohort), and 6.61 for T4; the HR for metastasis was 3.41 for T2, NE for T3 (because of small cohort), and 25.6 for T4; the HR for death was 7.51 for T2, NE for T3 (because of small cohort), and 26.5 for T4; and the odds ratio for enucleation was 1.23 for T2, 3.63 for T3, and 4.72 for T4. Features predictive of melanoma-related metastasis (multivariate analysis) included secondary glaucoma (P < 0.001; HR, 4.51), T2 category (vs. T1; P = 0.01; HR, 4.09), and T4 category (vs. T1; P < 0.001; HR, 30.8). Features predictive of melanoma-related death (multivariate analysis) included older age (P = 0.008; HR, 2.16 per 10-year increase), T2 category (vs. T1; P = 0.005; HR, 8.07), and T4 category (vs. T1; P < 0.001; HR, 20.3). CONCLUSIONS: The AJCC eighth edition classification provides prognostic stratification of iris melanoma. By multivariate analysis, the ratio for melanoma-related metastasis was 4 times greater in category T2 and 31 times greater in T4 compared with T1. The ratio for melanoma-related death was 8 times greater in category T2 and 20 times greater in T4 compared with T1. The cohort size for T3 was too small to provide useful information.
Authors: Aakriti Garg Shukla; Sarangdev Vaidya; Antonio Yaghy; Maura Di Nicola; Swathi Kaliki; Enzo Fulco; Jonathan S Myers; Jerry A Shields; Carol L Shields Journal: Eye (Lond) Date: 2022-04-05 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: Natasha M van Poppelen; Daniël P de Bruyn; Tolga Bicer; Rob Verdijk; Nicole Naus; Hanneke Mensink; Dion Paridaens; Annelies de Klein; Erwin Brosens; Emine Kiliҫ Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-12-30 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Paolo Mora; Giacomo Calzetti; Fernando O Avellis; Salvatore A Tedesco; Arturo Carta; Stefano Gandolfi; Leonidas Zografos Journal: Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep Date: 2020-04-08