Aakriti Garg Shukla1,2, Sarangdev Vaidya3, Antonio Yaghy3, Maura Di Nicola3, Swathi Kaliki3, Enzo Fulco3, Jonathan S Myers4,5, Jerry A Shields5,3, Carol L Shields5,3. 1. Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, 11th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. aakriti.garg@gmail.com. 2. Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. aakriti.garg@gmail.com. 3. Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. 4. Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, 11th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. 5. Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To identify factors predictive of post-management secondary glaucoma in eyes with iris melanoma. METHODS: Patients with iris melanoma who were conservatively managed on the Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital from 1970 to 2016 were included. Charts were retrospectively reviewed, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Main outcome measures were factors predictive of post-management glaucoma, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) > 22 mmHg following melanoma treatment. RESULTS: Of 271 patients with iris melanoma, melanoma-related glaucoma was identified in 40 (15%) at presentation and post-management glaucoma developed in 75 (28%) at a mean of 103.7 months (range:1.0-120.0). Comparison (post-management glaucoma vs. no glaucoma) revealed patients with post-management glaucoma presented with worse visual acuity (20/50-20/150) (17% vs. 5%, p = 0.001), increased mean tumour basal diameter (5.1 mm vs. 4.3 mm, p = 0.004), greater melanoma-related increased IOP on presentation (24.1 mmHg vs. 16.2 mmHg, p < 0.001), diffuse tumour shape (9% vs. 4%, p = 0.01), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T4 category (7% vs. 2%, p = 0.03), and extraocular tumour extension (7% vs. 2%, p = 0.03). Risk factors for post-management glaucoma identified by multivariate analysis included melanoma-related increased IOP at presentation (OR:1.1, [1.08-1.22] per 1-mmHg increase, p < 0.001), increased mean tumour basal diameter (OR:1.17, [1.02-1.33] per 1-millimetre increments, p = 0.03), advanced AJCC clinical T subcategory (OR:1.23, [1.04-1.46] per 1-subcategory increments, p = 0.02) and plaque radiotherapy treatment (OR:2.32, [1.13-4.75], p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Features of iris melanoma that predicted post-management glaucoma included melanoma-related increased IOP on presentation, advanced AJCC clinical T subcategory, increased mean tumour basal diameter, and plaque radiotherapy treatment.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To identify factors predictive of post-management secondary glaucoma in eyes with iris melanoma. METHODS: Patients with iris melanoma who were conservatively managed on the Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital from 1970 to 2016 were included. Charts were retrospectively reviewed, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Main outcome measures were factors predictive of post-management glaucoma, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) > 22 mmHg following melanoma treatment. RESULTS: Of 271 patients with iris melanoma, melanoma-related glaucoma was identified in 40 (15%) at presentation and post-management glaucoma developed in 75 (28%) at a mean of 103.7 months (range:1.0-120.0). Comparison (post-management glaucoma vs. no glaucoma) revealed patients with post-management glaucoma presented with worse visual acuity (20/50-20/150) (17% vs. 5%, p = 0.001), increased mean tumour basal diameter (5.1 mm vs. 4.3 mm, p = 0.004), greater melanoma-related increased IOP on presentation (24.1 mmHg vs. 16.2 mmHg, p < 0.001), diffuse tumour shape (9% vs. 4%, p = 0.01), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T4 category (7% vs. 2%, p = 0.03), and extraocular tumour extension (7% vs. 2%, p = 0.03). Risk factors for post-management glaucoma identified by multivariate analysis included melanoma-related increased IOP at presentation (OR:1.1, [1.08-1.22] per 1-mmHg increase, p < 0.001), increased mean tumour basal diameter (OR:1.17, [1.02-1.33] per 1-millimetre increments, p = 0.03), advanced AJCC clinical T subcategory (OR:1.23, [1.04-1.46] per 1-subcategory increments, p = 0.02) and plaque radiotherapy treatment (OR:2.32, [1.13-4.75], p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Features of iris melanoma that predicted post-management glaucoma included melanoma-related increased IOP on presentation, advanced AJCC clinical T subcategory, increased mean tumour basal diameter, and plaque radiotherapy treatment.
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