Mouaz H Al-Mallah1,2,3, Sherif Sakr4, Ada Al-Qunaibet4,5. 1. King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mouaz74@gmail.com. 2. King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mouaz74@gmail.com. 3. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mouaz74@gmail.com. 4. King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 5. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiovascular diseases account for nearly one third of all deaths globally. Improving exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been an important target to reduce cardiovascular events. In addition, the American Heart Association defined decreased physical activity as the fourth risk factor for coronary artery disease. Multiple large cohort studies have evaluated the impact of CRF on outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the role of CRF in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent data suggest that CRF has an important role in reducing not only cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, but also incident myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. Most recently, its role in cancer prevention started to emerge. CRF protective effects have also been seen in patients with prior comorbidities like prior coronary artery disease, heart failure, depression, end-stage renal disease, and stroke. The prognostic value of CRF has been demonstrated in various patient populations and cardiovascular conditions. Higher CRF is associated with improved survival and decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiovascular diseases account for nearly one third of all deaths globally. Improving exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been an important target to reduce cardiovascular events. In addition, the American Heart Association defined decreased physical activity as the fourth risk factor for coronary artery disease. Multiple large cohort studies have evaluated the impact of CRF on outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the role of CRF in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent data suggest that CRF has an important role in reducing not only cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, but also incident myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. Most recently, its role in cancer prevention started to emerge. CRF protective effects have also been seen in patients with prior comorbidities like prior coronary artery disease, heart failure, depression, end-stage renal disease, and stroke. The prognostic value of CRF has been demonstrated in various patient populations and cardiovascular conditions. Higher CRF is associated with improved survival and decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
Authors: Haitham M Ahmed; Mouaz H Al-Mallah; John W McEvoy; Khurram Nasir; Roger S Blumenthal; Steven R Jones; Clinton A Brawner; Steven J Keteyian; Michael J Blaha Journal: Mayo Clin Proc Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 7.616
Authors: Wesley T O'Neal; Waqas T Qureshi; Michael J Blaha; Zeina A Dardari; Jonathan K Ehrman; Clinton A Brawner; Elsayed Z Soliman; Mouaz H Al-Mallah Journal: JACC Clin Electrophysiol Date: 2016-11
Authors: Joonseok Kim; Mouaz Al-Mallah; Stephen P Juraschek; Clinton Brawner; Steve J Keteyian; Khurram Nasir; Zeina A Dardari; Roger S Blumenthal; Michael J Blaha Journal: Arch Med Sci Date: 2016-04-12 Impact factor: 3.318
Authors: Ronald J Headid; Elizabeth J Pekas; TeSean K Wooden; Won-Mok Son; Gwenael Layec; John Shin; Song-Young Park Journal: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Date: 2020-07-10 Impact factor: 4.733
Authors: Lucía Gil-Herrero; Marina Pollán; Miguel Martín; Sara López-Tarruella; Mónica Castellanos; Soraya Casla-Barrio Journal: Support Care Cancer Date: 2022-05-06 Impact factor: 3.603
Authors: Jennifer L Petterson; Myles W O'Brien; Diane J Ramsay; William Johnston; Carley D O'Neill; Shilpa Dogra; Said Mekari; John S Floras; Derek S Kimmerly Journal: Clin Auton Res Date: 2022-01-13 Impact factor: 4.435
Authors: N Leite; M C Tadiotto; P R P Corazza; F J de Menezes Junior; M E C Carli; G E Milano-Gai; W A Lopes; A R Gaya; C Brand; J Mota; R B Radominski Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2021-11-15 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: S Nicole Fearnbach; Neil M Johannsen; Corby K Martin; Peter T Katzmarzyk; Robbie A Beyl; Daniel S Hsia; Owen T Carmichael; Amanda E Staiano Journal: Pediatr Exerc Sci Date: 2020-04-25 Impact factor: 2.333
Authors: Henrik Pettersson; Helene Alexanderson; Janet L Poole; Janos Varga; Malin Regardt; Anne-Marie Russell; Yasser Salam; Kelly Jensen; Jennifer Mansour; Tracy Frech; Carol Feghali-Bostwick; Cecília Varjú; Nancy Baldwin; Matty Heenan; Kim Fligelstone; Monica Holmner; Matthew R Lammi; Mary Beth Scholand; Lee Shapiro; Elizabeth R Volkmann; Lesley Ann Saketkoo Journal: Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol Date: 2021-07-01 Impact factor: 4.991