Ziyi Zhou1, Jianping Li1, Yaren Yu1, Youbao Li1, Yan Zhang1, Lishun Liu1, Yun Song1, Min Zhao1, Yu Wang1, Genfu Tang1, Mingli He1, Xiping Xu1, Yefeng Cai1, Qiang Dong1, Delu Yin1, Xiao Huang1, Xiaoshu Cheng1, Binyan Wang1, Fan Fan Hou1, Xiaobin Wang1, Xianhui Qin2, Yong Huo2. 1. From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.). 2. From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.). huoyong@263.net.cn pharmaqin@126.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We aimed to examine whether the efficacy of folic acid therapy in the primary prevention of stroke is jointly affected by smoking status and baseline folate levels in a male population in a post hoc analysis of the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). METHODS:Eligible participants of the CSPPT were randomly assigned to a double-blind daily treatment of a combined enalapril 10-mg and folic acid 0.8-mg tablet or an enalapril 10-mg tablet alone. In total, 8384 male participants of the CSPPT were included in the current analyses. The primary outcome was first stroke. RESULTS: The median treatment duration was 4.5 years. In the enalapril-alone group, the first stroke risk varied by baseline folate levels and smoking status (never versus ever). Specifically, there was an inverse association between folate levels and first stroke in never smokers (P for linear trend=0.043). However, no such association was found in ever smokers. A test for interaction between baseline folate levels and smoking status on first stroke was significant (P=0.045). In the total sample, folic acid therapy significantly reduced the risk of first stroke in never smokers with folate deficiency (hazard risk, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.83) and in ever smokers with normal folate levels (hazard risk, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.99). CONCLUSIONS:Baseline folate levels and smoking status can interactively affect the risk of first stroke. Our data suggest that compared with never smokers, ever smokers may require a higher dosage of folic acid to achieve a greater beneficial effect on stroke. Our findings need to be confirmed by future randomized trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00794885.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We aimed to examine whether the efficacy of folic acid therapy in the primary prevention of stroke is jointly affected by smoking status and baseline folate levels in a male population in a post hoc analysis of the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). METHODS: Eligible participants of the CSPPT were randomly assigned to a double-blind daily treatment of a combined enalapril 10-mg and folic acid 0.8-mg tablet or an enalapril 10-mg tablet alone. In total, 8384 male participants of the CSPPT were included in the current analyses. The primary outcome was first stroke. RESULTS: The median treatment duration was 4.5 years. In the enalapril-alone group, the first stroke risk varied by baseline folate levels and smoking status (never versus ever). Specifically, there was an inverse association between folate levels and first stroke in never smokers (P for linear trend=0.043). However, no such association was found in ever smokers. A test for interaction between baseline folate levels and smoking status on first stroke was significant (P=0.045). In the total sample, folic acid therapy significantly reduced the risk of first stroke in never smokers with folate deficiency (hazard risk, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.83) and in ever smokers with normal folate levels (hazard risk, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline folate levels and smoking status can interactively affect the risk of first stroke. Our data suggest that compared with never smokers, ever smokers may require a higher dosage of folic acid to achieve a greater beneficial effect on stroke. Our findings need to be confirmed by future randomized trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00794885.
Authors: Matthew Douglass; Anna Dikalova; Mark R Kaplowitz; Yongmei Zhang; Gary Cunningham; Marshall Summar; Candice D Fike Journal: Physiol Rep Date: 2021-11
Authors: Yu Ni; Adam Szpiro; Christine Loftus; Frances Tylavsky; Mario Kratz; Nicole R Bush; Kaja Z LeWinn; Sheela Sathyanarayana; Daniel A Enquobahrie; Robert Davis; Annette L Fitzpatrick; Jennifer Sonney; Qi Zhao; Catherine J Karr Journal: J Nutr Date: 2021-04-08 Impact factor: 4.687