Effect of salt-stress on gene expression in citrus roots revealed by RNA-seq.

Citrus, as one of the most economically important fruits worldwide, is adversely affected by salinity stress. However, its molecular mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are still not clear. In this study, next-generation RNA-seq technology was applied to analyze the gene expression profiling of citrus roots at 3 time points over a 24-h period of salt treatment. A total of 1831 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among them, 1195 and 1090 DEGs were found at 4 and 24 h, of which 454 were overlapped. Based on functional annotation, the salt overly sensitive (SOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways were found to be involved. Meanwhile, we found that hormone metabolism and signaling played important roles in salt stress. In addition, a multitude of transcription factors (TFs) including WRKY, NAC, MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, GATA, bHLH, ZFP, SPL, CBF, and CAMTA were identified. The genes related to cell wall loosening and stiffening (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases, peroxidases) were also involved in salt stress. Our data not only provided a genetic resource for discovering salt tolerance-related genes, but also furthered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in citrus.