Larvicidal activity and in vitro regulation of rotenoids from Cassia tora L.

The search for new insecticidal natural products is very important viewing the global incidence of malaria. In the present study, rotenoids viz., sumatrol, rotenone, tephrosin, rotenol, deguelin, and elliptone were identified from the plant parts and callus culture of Cassia tora L. Maximum content of rotenoids was observed in roots (1.96% ± 0.03) and minimum in the stem (0.52% ± 0.02). Rotenoid showed larvicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi larvae (LC50-120.61 ppm; P < 0.05). To enhance the production of rotenoids in vitro, the callus culture of C. tora was supplemented with different concentrations of precursors (phenylalanine and methionine). More than onefold increase in the rotenoid content was observed as compared to the control. The present study highlights the insecticidal potential of rotenoids from C. tora. Moreover, the enhanced production of rotenoids using precursors can be exploited commercially.