Infection after total knee arthroplasty and its gold standard surgical treatment: Spacers used in two-stage revision arthroplasty.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating postoperative complications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Treatment varies depending on the type of infection, but two-stage revision arthroplasty using an antibiotic spacer is considered to be the gold standard of treatment. Several types of spacers are available at the moment, each with different benefits and indications, and these spacers may be improved in the future. The primary goals of selecting a given spacer are to locally deliver antibiotics and to preserve soft tissue. Use of an appropriate spacer subsequently decreases the difficulty of the second revision, the operating time, and ultimately the risk of postoperative complications.