Literature DB >> 29250393

Crystal structure of diethyl 3,3'-[(2,4-di-chloro-phen-yl)methyl-idene]bis-(1H-indole-2-carboxyl-ate).

Yu-Long Li1, Hong-Shun Sun1, Hong Jiang1, Yu-Liang Chen1, Yang-Feng Chen1.   

Abstract

In the title compound, C29H24Cl2N2O4, the mean planes of the two indole ring systems (r.m.s. deviations = 0.1249 and 0.0075 Å) are approximately perpendic-ular to one another, with a dihedral angle of 80.9 (5)° between them. The benzene ring is inclined to the mean planes of the two indole ring systems by 76.1 (3) and 78.3 (4)°. Weak intra-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions affect the mol-ecular conformation. In the crystal, pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into inversion dimers which are further linked into supra-molecular chains by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and short Cl-Cl contacts.

Entities:  

Keywords:  MRI; bis­indole; contrast agent; crystal structure

Year:  2017        PMID: 29250393      PMCID: PMC5730230          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017015730

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Bis(indol­yl)methane derivatives are abundantly present in various terrestrial and marine natural resources (Porter et al.,1977 ▸; Sundberg, 1996 ▸). They are important anti­biotics in the field of pharmaceuticals with diverse activities, displaying anti­cancer, anti­leishmanial and anti­hyperlipidemic properties (Chang et al., 1999 ▸; Ge et al., 1999 ▸). Furthermore, bis­(indolyl)methane derivatives can also be used as precursors for MRI necrosis avid contrast agents (Ni, 2008 ▸). In recent years, we have reported the synthesis and crystal structures of some similar bis­(indoly)methane compounds (Sun et al., 2012 ▸, 2015 ▸; Li et al., 2014 ▸; Lu et al., 2014 ▸). We report here the mol­ecular and crystal structure of the title bis­(indoly)methane derivative.

Structural commentary

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound is shown in Fig. 1 ▸. The overall conformation of the mol­ecule is affected by intra­molecular C4—H4A⋯Cg5 and C15—H15A⋯Cg1 inter­actions (Cg1 and Cg5 are the centroids of the N1,C8,C3,C2,C9 and C24–C29 rings, respectively), Fig. 1 ▸, Table 1 ▸. The two indole ring systems are nearly perpendicular to one another, subtending a dihedral angle of 80.9 (5)° while the C24–C29 benzene ring is inclined to the N1/C2–C9 and N2/C13–C20 indole ring systems by dihedral angles of 76.1 (3) and 78.3 (4)°, respectively. The carboxyl groups lie close to the planes of the indole ring systems to which they are bound, with dihedral angles between the carboxyl groups and the mean planes of the N1/C2–C9 and N2/C13–C20 indole ring systems of 8.3 (5) and 5.6 (3)°, respectively.
Figure 1

The mol­ecular structure of the title mol­ecule showing the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. Intra­molecular C—H⋯π(ring) contacts (Table 1 ▸) are shown as dotted black lines with ring centroids displayed as coloured spheres.

Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

Cg1 and Cg5 are the centroids of the N1,C8,C3,C2,C9 and C24–C29 rings respectively.

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1A⋯O1i 0.862.072.864 (4)152
N2—H2A⋯O4ii 0.862.042.871 (4)161
C11—H11A⋯Cl1iii 0.972.813.731 (5)158
C4—H4ACg50.932.773.516 (4)137
C15—H15ACg10.932.723.476 (5)139

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

Supra­molecular features

In the crystal, pairs of N1—H1A⋯O1 and N2—H2A⋯O4 hydrogen bonds, Table 1 ▸, link the mol­ecules into inversion dimers that form supramolecular chains along the b-axis direction. C11—H11A⋯Cl1 and short Cl2Cl2 contacts [Cl2Cl2(1 − x, 1 − y, −z) = 3.467 (2) Å] bridge these chains and form sheets of mol­ecules parallel to (12), Fig. 2 ▸.
Figure 2

A packing diagram of the title compound. Hydrogen bonds (Table 1 ▸) and Cl⋯Cl contacts are shown as dashed lines.

Database survey

Several similar structures have been reported previously, i.e. diethyl 3,3′-(phenyl­methyl­ene)bis­(1H-indole-2-carboxyl­ate) (Sun et al., 2012 ▸), dimethyl 3,3′-[(4-fluoro­phen­yl)methyl­ene]bis­(1H-indole-2-carboxyl­ate) (Sun et al., 2015 ▸) dimethyl 3,3′-[(4-chloro­phen­yl) methyl­ene]bis­(1H-indole-2-carboxyl­ate) (Li et al., 2014 ▸) and dimethyl 3,3′-[(3-fluoro­phen­yl)methyl­ene]bis­(1H-indole-2-carboxyl­ate) (Lu et al., 2014 ▸). In these structures, the two indole ring systems are also nearly perpendicular to one another, making dihedral angles of 82.0 (5), 84.0 (5), 79.5 (4) and 87.8 (5)°, respectively.

Synthesis and crystallization

Ethyl indole-2-carboxyl­ate (1.88 g, 10 mmol) was dissolved in 20 ml ethanol; commercially available 2,4-di­chloro­benzalde­hyde (0.88 g, 5 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux temperature. Concentrated HCl (0.5 ml) was added and the reaction was left for 1 h. After cooling, the white product was filtered off and washed thoroughly with ethanol. The reaction was monitored with TLC (AcOEt:hexane = 1:3). Colourless block-like crystals of the title compound suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained in 92% yield by slow evaporation of an ethanol solution.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. H atoms were positioned geometrically with N—H = 0.86 Å and C—H = 0.93–0.98 Å, and constrained to ride on their parent atoms with U iso(H) = xU eq(C,N), where x = 1.5 for methyl H atoms and 1.2 for all others.
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC29H24Cl2N2O4
M r 535.40
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)9.776 (2), 15.939 (3), 17.581 (4)
β (°)101.94 (3)
V3)2680.2 (9)
Z 4
Radiation typeMo Kα
μ (mm−1)0.28
Crystal size (mm)0.30 × 0.20 × 0.10
 
Data collection
DiffractometerEnraf–Nonius CAD-4
Absorption correctionψ scan (North et al., 1968)
T min, T max 0.921, 0.973
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections5221, 4917, 2864
R int 0.034
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.603
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.067, 0.192, 1.00
No. of reflections4917
No. of parameters328
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.69, −1.14

Computer programs: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994 ▸), XCAD4 (Harms & Wocadlo, 1995 ▸), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017015730/sj5539sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017015730/sj5539Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017015730/sj5539Isup3.cml CCDC reference: 1582719 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C29H24Cl2N2O4F(000) = 1112
Mr = 535.40Dx = 1.327 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybcCell parameters from 25 reflections
a = 9.776 (2) Åθ = 9–13°
b = 15.939 (3) ŵ = 0.28 mm1
c = 17.581 (4) ÅT = 293 K
β = 101.94 (3)°Block, colorless
V = 2680.2 (9) Å30.30 × 0.20 × 0.10 mm
Z = 4
Enraf–Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer2864 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeRint = 0.034
Graphite monochromatorθmax = 25.4°, θmin = 1.7°
ω/2θ scansh = 0→11
Absorption correction: ψ scan (North et al., 1968)k = 0→19
Tmin = 0.921, Tmax = 0.973l = −21→21
5221 measured reflections3 standard reflections every 200 reflections
4917 independent reflections intensity decay: 1%
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.067Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.192H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.00w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.1P)2 + 0.670P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
4917 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
328 parametersΔρmax = 0.69 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = −1.13 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cl10.99326 (13)0.65116 (9)0.32372 (10)0.0997 (6)
O10.0795 (3)0.57429 (17)−0.06706 (15)0.0537 (7)
N10.1566 (3)0.53608 (18)0.09007 (17)0.0440 (8)
H1A0.08210.51010.06750.053*
C10.4458 (4)0.6877 (2)0.0923 (2)0.0371 (8)
H1B0.46560.67190.04180.044*
Cl20.61986 (13)0.53457 (7)0.08076 (8)0.0813 (5)
O20.2675 (3)0.65654 (16)−0.05724 (14)0.0478 (7)
N20.3672 (3)0.91230 (18)0.04635 (18)0.0458 (8)
H2A0.38410.95990.02720.055*
C20.3421 (4)0.6237 (2)0.1094 (2)0.0373 (8)
O30.6370 (3)0.77571 (16)0.01095 (16)0.0514 (7)
C30.3369 (4)0.5821 (2)0.1812 (2)0.0400 (8)
O40.6115 (3)0.91368 (16)−0.00828 (18)0.0600 (8)
C40.4188 (4)0.5829 (3)0.2572 (2)0.0554 (11)
H4A0.49520.61870.27020.066*
C50.3842 (5)0.5301 (3)0.3120 (3)0.0628 (12)
H5A0.43880.53040.36200.075*
C60.2703 (5)0.4761 (3)0.2950 (3)0.0598 (12)
H6A0.25100.44100.33370.072*
C70.1858 (4)0.4738 (2)0.2225 (2)0.0526 (10)
H7A0.10890.43820.21110.063*
C80.2203 (4)0.5274 (2)0.1659 (2)0.0424 (9)
C90.2289 (3)0.5925 (2)0.0549 (2)0.0379 (8)
C100.1837 (4)0.6072 (2)−0.0283 (2)0.0378 (8)
C110.2406 (5)0.6680 (3)−0.1409 (2)0.0611 (12)
H11A0.15870.7029−0.15770.073*
H11B0.22450.6142−0.16700.073*
C120.3646 (5)0.7087 (3)−0.1591 (3)0.080
H12A0.35090.7169−0.21430.120*
H12B0.44490.6737−0.14180.120*
H12C0.37890.7619−0.13330.120*
C130.3873 (3)0.7766 (2)0.0822 (2)0.0367 (8)
C140.2657 (4)0.8105 (2)0.1040 (2)0.0393 (8)
C150.1617 (4)0.7797 (3)0.1419 (2)0.0499 (10)
H15A0.16320.72410.15820.060*
C160.0581 (5)0.8334 (3)0.1541 (3)0.0624 (12)
H16A−0.01110.81330.17860.075*
C170.0542 (5)0.9170 (3)0.1308 (3)0.0755 (14)
H17A−0.01650.95170.14090.091*
C180.1515 (4)0.9490 (3)0.0938 (3)0.0610 (12)
H18A0.14741.00470.07760.073*
C190.2575 (4)0.8959 (2)0.0809 (2)0.0430 (9)
C200.4467 (4)0.8411 (2)0.0468 (2)0.0378 (8)
C210.5712 (4)0.8480 (2)0.0141 (2)0.0410 (9)
C220.7623 (5)0.7796 (3)−0.0215 (3)0.0673 (13)
H22A0.83060.81680.00930.081*
H22B0.73970.8006−0.07440.081*
C230.8196 (6)0.6929 (4)−0.0202 (4)0.113 (2)
H23A0.90220.6932−0.04170.170*
H23B0.75090.6566−0.05050.170*
H23C0.84270.67300.03250.170*
C240.5846 (4)0.6817 (2)0.1501 (2)0.0391 (8)
C250.6324 (4)0.7431 (2)0.2053 (2)0.0437 (9)
H25A0.57900.79120.20680.052*
C260.7582 (4)0.7340 (3)0.2582 (2)0.0530 (11)
H26A0.78850.77580.29480.064*
C270.8370 (4)0.6642 (3)0.2566 (3)0.0614 (12)
C280.7963 (4)0.6021 (3)0.2019 (3)0.0634 (12)
H28A0.85130.55470.20060.076*
C290.6715 (4)0.6124 (2)0.1493 (2)0.0505 (10)
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl10.0617 (8)0.0762 (9)0.1361 (13)−0.0114 (7)−0.0373 (8)0.0215 (8)
O10.0412 (15)0.0659 (18)0.0512 (16)−0.0065 (14)0.0034 (13)0.0008 (14)
N10.0394 (17)0.0439 (18)0.0467 (18)−0.0081 (14)0.0045 (14)0.0025 (14)
C10.0398 (19)0.0283 (17)0.043 (2)0.0036 (15)0.0076 (16)−0.0009 (15)
Cl20.0746 (8)0.0529 (7)0.1067 (10)0.0220 (6)−0.0039 (7)−0.0310 (7)
O20.0522 (15)0.0472 (15)0.0421 (15)−0.0103 (13)0.0050 (12)0.0081 (12)
N20.0482 (18)0.0284 (15)0.064 (2)0.0026 (14)0.0178 (16)0.0064 (14)
C20.0386 (19)0.0289 (18)0.044 (2)−0.0002 (15)0.0090 (17)0.0012 (15)
O30.0497 (16)0.0397 (14)0.0711 (18)0.0091 (12)0.0271 (14)0.0049 (13)
C30.044 (2)0.0314 (18)0.044 (2)0.0024 (16)0.0090 (17)0.0068 (16)
O40.0536 (17)0.0404 (15)0.094 (2)0.0019 (13)0.0339 (16)0.0158 (15)
C40.058 (3)0.056 (2)0.050 (2)−0.012 (2)0.005 (2)0.005 (2)
C50.061 (3)0.070 (3)0.054 (3)−0.003 (2)0.005 (2)0.018 (2)
C60.063 (3)0.057 (3)0.062 (3)0.001 (2)0.019 (2)0.023 (2)
C70.050 (2)0.047 (2)0.063 (3)−0.0070 (19)0.017 (2)0.011 (2)
C80.039 (2)0.036 (2)0.053 (2)0.0003 (16)0.0113 (17)0.0015 (17)
C90.0347 (18)0.0327 (18)0.047 (2)−0.0003 (15)0.0107 (16)0.0019 (16)
C100.0344 (19)0.0329 (18)0.045 (2)0.0045 (16)0.0061 (17)−0.0003 (16)
C110.058 (3)0.068 (3)0.052 (3)−0.007 (2)−0.002 (2)0.016 (2)
C120.0800.0800.0800.0000.0170.000
C130.0364 (19)0.0316 (18)0.042 (2)0.0024 (15)0.0072 (16)−0.0020 (15)
C140.040 (2)0.0365 (19)0.043 (2)0.0038 (16)0.0105 (16)−0.0017 (16)
C150.046 (2)0.050 (2)0.058 (3)0.0015 (19)0.021 (2)0.0061 (19)
C160.059 (3)0.059 (3)0.078 (3)0.000 (2)0.035 (2)0.002 (2)
C170.064 (3)0.058 (3)0.114 (4)0.021 (2)0.042 (3)−0.001 (3)
C180.056 (3)0.041 (2)0.093 (3)0.012 (2)0.030 (2)0.006 (2)
C190.040 (2)0.038 (2)0.054 (2)0.0029 (17)0.0158 (18)0.0010 (17)
C200.0388 (19)0.0288 (18)0.046 (2)−0.0016 (15)0.0097 (16)−0.0008 (15)
C210.039 (2)0.039 (2)0.045 (2)−0.0015 (17)0.0076 (17)0.0001 (17)
C220.063 (3)0.061 (3)0.089 (3)0.012 (2)0.041 (3)0.002 (2)
C230.102 (4)0.099 (5)0.158 (6)0.055 (4)0.071 (4)0.029 (4)
C240.038 (2)0.0334 (18)0.046 (2)−0.0048 (16)0.0095 (16)0.0011 (16)
C250.045 (2)0.0338 (19)0.052 (2)−0.0043 (17)0.0096 (18)0.0023 (17)
C260.060 (3)0.043 (2)0.052 (2)−0.018 (2)0.004 (2)0.0031 (18)
C270.045 (2)0.052 (3)0.080 (3)−0.008 (2)−0.006 (2)0.016 (2)
C280.042 (2)0.046 (2)0.097 (4)0.005 (2)0.001 (2)0.008 (2)
C290.046 (2)0.034 (2)0.069 (3)0.0024 (18)0.006 (2)−0.0040 (19)
Cl1—C271.738 (4)C11—H11B0.9700
O1—C101.221 (4)C12—H12A0.9600
N1—C81.356 (5)C12—H12B0.9600
N1—C91.368 (4)C12—H12C0.9600
N1—H1A0.8600C13—C201.389 (5)
C1—C21.511 (5)C13—C141.429 (5)
C1—C241.521 (5)C14—C151.414 (5)
C1—C131.525 (4)C14—C191.418 (5)
C1—H1B0.9800C15—C161.377 (5)
Cl2—C291.730 (4)C15—H15A0.9300
O2—C101.312 (4)C16—C171.392 (6)
O2—C111.450 (5)C16—H16A0.9300
N2—C191.363 (4)C17—C181.358 (6)
N2—C201.375 (4)C17—H17A0.9300
N2—H2A0.8600C18—C191.393 (5)
C2—C91.396 (5)C18—H18A0.9300
C2—C31.436 (5)C20—C211.454 (5)
O3—C211.327 (4)C22—C231.489 (7)
O3—C221.456 (5)C22—H22A0.9700
C3—C41.409 (5)C22—H22B0.9700
C3—C81.415 (5)C23—H23A0.9600
O4—C211.212 (4)C23—H23B0.9600
C4—C51.372 (5)C23—H23C0.9600
C4—H4A0.9300C24—C251.389 (5)
C5—C61.390 (6)C24—C291.396 (5)
C5—H5A0.9300C25—C261.388 (5)
C6—C71.369 (6)C25—H25A0.9300
C6—H6A0.9300C26—C271.358 (6)
C7—C81.405 (5)C26—H26A0.9300
C7—H7A0.9300C27—C281.380 (6)
C9—C101.457 (5)C28—C291.380 (5)
C11—C121.467 (6)C28—H28A0.9300
C11—H11A0.9700
C8—N1—C9109.6 (3)C14—C13—C1129.2 (3)
C8—N1—H1A125.2C15—C14—C19117.7 (3)
C9—N1—H1A125.2C15—C14—C13135.6 (3)
C2—C1—C24111.6 (3)C19—C14—C13106.7 (3)
C2—C1—C13113.6 (3)C16—C15—C14118.8 (4)
C24—C1—C13113.4 (3)C16—C15—H15A120.6
C2—C1—H1B105.8C14—C15—H15A120.6
C24—C1—H1B105.8C15—C16—C17121.7 (4)
C13—C1—H1B105.8C15—C16—H16A119.1
C10—O2—C11118.2 (3)C17—C16—H16A119.1
C19—N2—C20109.6 (3)C18—C17—C16121.4 (4)
C19—N2—H2A125.2C18—C17—H17A119.3
C20—N2—H2A125.2C16—C17—H17A119.3
C9—C2—C3105.7 (3)C17—C18—C19117.9 (4)
C9—C2—C1125.0 (3)C17—C18—H18A121.0
C3—C2—C1129.3 (3)C19—C18—H18A121.0
C21—O3—C22115.8 (3)N2—C19—C18129.6 (3)
C4—C3—C8117.6 (3)N2—C19—C14108.0 (3)
C4—C3—C2135.5 (3)C18—C19—C14122.5 (3)
C8—C3—C2106.9 (3)N2—C20—C13109.0 (3)
C5—C4—C3119.1 (4)N2—C20—C21117.0 (3)
C5—C4—H4A120.5C13—C20—C21134.0 (3)
C3—C4—H4A120.5O4—C21—O3122.9 (3)
C4—C5—C6122.2 (4)O4—C21—C20123.3 (3)
C4—C5—H5A118.9O3—C21—C20113.8 (3)
C6—C5—H5A118.9O3—C22—C23107.4 (4)
C7—C6—C5121.2 (4)O3—C22—H22A110.2
C7—C6—H6A119.4C23—C22—H22A110.2
C5—C6—H6A119.4O3—C22—H22B110.2
C6—C7—C8117.2 (4)C23—C22—H22B110.2
C6—C7—H7A121.4H22A—C22—H22B108.5
C8—C7—H7A121.4C22—C23—H23A109.5
N1—C8—C7129.0 (3)C22—C23—H23B109.5
N1—C8—C3108.2 (3)H23A—C23—H23B109.5
C7—C8—C3122.8 (4)C22—C23—H23C109.5
N1—C9—C2109.6 (3)H23A—C23—H23C109.5
N1—C9—C10118.8 (3)H23B—C23—H23C109.5
C2—C9—C10131.6 (3)C25—C24—C29116.6 (3)
O1—C10—O2123.8 (3)C25—C24—C1123.2 (3)
O1—C10—C9122.4 (3)C29—C24—C1120.2 (3)
O2—C10—C9113.7 (3)C26—C25—C24121.2 (4)
O2—C11—C12107.0 (3)C26—C25—H25A119.4
O2—C11—H11A110.3C24—C25—H25A119.4
C12—C11—H11A110.3C27—C26—C25120.0 (4)
O2—C11—H11B110.3C27—C26—H26A120.0
C12—C11—H11B110.3C25—C26—H26A120.0
H11A—C11—H11B108.6C26—C27—C28121.3 (4)
C11—C12—H12A109.5C26—C27—Cl1120.4 (4)
C11—C12—H12B109.5C28—C27—Cl1118.3 (3)
H12A—C12—H12B109.5C29—C28—C27118.0 (4)
C11—C12—H12C109.5C29—C28—H28A121.0
H12A—C12—H12C109.5C27—C28—H28A121.0
H12B—C12—H12C109.5C28—C29—C24122.9 (4)
C20—C13—C14106.8 (3)C28—C29—Cl2118.1 (3)
C20—C13—C1124.0 (3)C24—C29—Cl2119.0 (3)
C24—C1—C2—C9−156.0 (3)C13—C14—C15—C16178.9 (4)
C13—C1—C2—C974.3 (4)C14—C15—C16—C17−0.6 (7)
C24—C1—C2—C323.5 (5)C15—C16—C17—C181.1 (8)
C13—C1—C2—C3−106.2 (4)C16—C17—C18—C19−1.1 (8)
C9—C2—C3—C4178.7 (4)C20—N2—C19—C18179.4 (4)
C1—C2—C3—C4−0.9 (7)C20—N2—C19—C14−0.5 (4)
C9—C2—C3—C80.3 (4)C17—C18—C19—N2−179.2 (4)
C1—C2—C3—C8−179.3 (3)C17—C18—C19—C140.7 (7)
C8—C3—C4—C51.4 (6)C15—C14—C19—N2179.6 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C5−176.9 (4)C13—C14—C19—N20.6 (4)
C3—C4—C5—C6−0.5 (7)C15—C14—C19—C18−0.3 (6)
C4—C5—C6—C7−0.6 (7)C13—C14—C19—C18−179.4 (4)
C5—C6—C7—C80.7 (6)C19—N2—C20—C130.2 (4)
C9—N1—C8—C7−176.9 (4)C19—N2—C20—C21−178.2 (3)
C9—N1—C8—C31.5 (4)C14—C13—C20—N20.1 (4)
C6—C7—C8—N1178.5 (4)C1—C13—C20—N2179.2 (3)
C6—C7—C8—C30.3 (6)C14—C13—C20—C21178.2 (4)
C4—C3—C8—N1−179.8 (3)C1—C13—C20—C21−2.7 (6)
C2—C3—C8—N1−1.1 (4)C22—O3—C21—O40.0 (5)
C4—C3—C8—C7−1.3 (5)C22—O3—C21—C20180.0 (3)
C2—C3—C8—C7177.5 (3)N2—C20—C21—O44.9 (5)
C8—N1—C9—C2−1.4 (4)C13—C20—C21—O4−173.1 (4)
C8—N1—C9—C10176.0 (3)N2—C20—C21—O3−175.1 (3)
C3—C2—C9—N10.6 (4)C13—C20—C21—O37.0 (6)
C1—C2—C9—N1−179.7 (3)C21—O3—C22—C23−179.8 (4)
C3—C2—C9—C10−176.2 (3)C2—C1—C24—C25−110.9 (4)
C1—C2—C9—C103.4 (6)C13—C1—C24—C2518.9 (5)
C11—O2—C10—O1−4.5 (5)C2—C1—C24—C2969.4 (4)
C11—O2—C10—C9173.4 (3)C13—C1—C24—C29−160.8 (3)
N1—C9—C10—O13.8 (5)C29—C24—C25—C26−2.0 (5)
C2—C9—C10—O1−179.5 (4)C1—C24—C25—C26178.3 (3)
N1—C9—C10—O2−174.1 (3)C24—C25—C26—C270.0 (6)
C2—C9—C10—O22.5 (5)C25—C26—C27—C281.5 (6)
C10—O2—C11—C12−167.2 (3)C25—C26—C27—Cl1−178.8 (3)
C2—C1—C13—C20−162.4 (3)C26—C27—C28—C29−0.9 (7)
C24—C1—C13—C2068.8 (4)Cl1—C27—C28—C29179.4 (3)
C2—C1—C13—C1416.4 (5)C27—C28—C29—C24−1.2 (7)
C24—C1—C13—C14−112.3 (4)C27—C28—C29—Cl2−179.8 (3)
C20—C13—C14—C15−179.2 (4)C25—C24—C29—C282.6 (6)
C1—C13—C14—C151.8 (7)C1—C24—C29—C28−177.7 (4)
C20—C13—C14—C19−0.4 (4)C25—C24—C29—Cl2−178.8 (3)
C1—C13—C14—C19−179.4 (3)C1—C24—C29—Cl20.9 (5)
C19—C14—C15—C160.2 (6)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1A···O1i0.862.072.864 (4)152
N2—H2A···O4ii0.862.042.871 (4)161
C11—H11A···Cl1iii0.972.813.731 (5)158
C4—H4A···Cg50.932.773.516 (4)137
C15—H15A···Cg10.932.723.476 (5)139
  6 in total

1.  Induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by indole-3-carbinol is independent of p53 and bax.

Authors:  X Ge; F A Fares; S Yannai
Journal:  Anticancer Res       Date:  1999 Jul-Aug       Impact factor: 2.480

2.  A short history of SHELX.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A       Date:  2007-12-21       Impact factor: 2.290

3.  Cytostatic and antiestrogenic effects of 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,3'-diindolylmethane, a major in vivo product of dietary indole-3-carbinol.

Authors:  Y C Chang; J Riby; G H Chang; B C Peng; G Firestone; L F Bjeldanes
Journal:  Biochem Pharmacol       Date:  1999-09-01       Impact factor: 5.858

4.  Crystal structure of dimethyl 3,3'-[(3-fluoro-phenyl)methyl-ene]bis-(1H-indole-2-carboxyl-ate).

Authors:  Xin-Hua Lu; Hong-Shun Sun; Jin Hu
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2014-11-29

5.  Diethyl 3,3'-(phenyl-methyl-ene)bis-(1H-indole-2-carboxyl-ate).

Authors:  Hong-Shun Sun; Yu-Long Li; Ning Xu; Hong Xu; Ji-Dong Zhang
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2012-08-25

6.  Crystal structure of dimethyl 3,3'-[(4-chloro-phen-yl)methyl-ene]bis-(1H-indole-2-carboxyl-ate).

Authors:  Yu-Long Li; Hong-Shun Sun; Hong Jiang; Ning Xu; Hong Xu
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2014-09-27
  6 in total

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