David Vidmar1, David E Krummen2,3, Justin Hayase2,3, Sanjiv M Narayan4, Gordon Ho2,3, Wouter-Jan Rappel1. 1. Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA. 2. Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA. 3. Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA. 4. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatio-temporal organization and progression of human ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles. Background: Studies suggest that localized sources contribute to VF maintenance, but the evolution of VF episodes has not been quantified. Methods: Synchrony between electrograms recorded from 25 patients with induced VF is computed and used to define the Asynchronous Index (ASI), indicating regions which are out-of-step with surrounding tissue. Computer simulations show that ASI can identify the location of VF-maintaining sources, where larger values of ASImax correlate with more stable sources. Results: Automated synchrony analysis shows elevated values of ASI in a majority of self-terminating episodes (LV: 8/9, RV: 7/8) and sustained episodes (LV: 11/11, RV: 12/12). The locations of ASImax in sustained episodes co-localize with rotor cores when rotational activity is simultaneously present in phase maps (LV: 8/8, RV: 5/7, p<.05). The distribution of ASImax differentiates self-terminating from sustained episodes (mean ASImax = 0.60±0.14 and 0.70±0.16, respectively; p=0.01). Across sustained episodes the LV exhibits an increase in ASImax with time. Conclusions: Quantitative analysis identifies localized asynchronous regions that correlate with sources in VF, with sustained episodes evolving to exhibit more stable activation in the LV. This successive increase in stability indicates a stabilizing agent may be responsible for perpetuating fibrillation in a "migrate-and-capture" mechanism in the LV.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatio-temporal organization and progression of humanventricular fibrillation (VF) in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles. Background: Studies suggest that localized sources contribute to VF maintenance, but the evolution of VF episodes has not been quantified. Methods: Synchrony between electrograms recorded from 25 patients with induced VF is computed and used to define the Asynchronous Index (ASI), indicating regions which are out-of-step with surrounding tissue. Computer simulations show that ASI can identify the location of VF-maintaining sources, where larger values of ASImax correlate with more stable sources. Results: Automated synchrony analysis shows elevated values of ASI in a majority of self-terminating episodes (LV: 8/9, RV: 7/8) and sustained episodes (LV: 11/11, RV: 12/12). The locations of ASImax in sustained episodes co-localize with rotor cores when rotational activity is simultaneously present in phase maps (LV: 8/8, RV: 5/7, p<.05). The distribution of ASImax differentiates self-terminating from sustained episodes (mean ASImax = 0.60±0.14 and 0.70±0.16, respectively; p=0.01). Across sustained episodes the LV exhibits an increase in ASImax with time. Conclusions: Quantitative analysis identifies localized asynchronous regions that correlate with sources in VF, with sustained episodes evolving to exhibit more stable activation in the LV. This successive increase in stability indicates a stabilizing agent may be responsible for perpetuating fibrillation in a "migrate-and-capture" mechanism in the LV.
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