MiR-122 and other microRNAs as potential circulating biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury.

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a severe adverse drug reaction which is of major concern to patients, clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry. Accurate and rapid detection of DILI is important for patient stratification and treatment in the clinic and benefits preclinical drug design and risk assessment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) offer a potential new and improved class of circulating biomarkers of DILI over the current gold standard biomarkers. Areas covered: This review highlights the shortcomings of the currently used panel of biomarkers and how miRNAs, primarily miR-122, show an improved level of specificity and sensitivity in the prediction of DILI. Furthermore, the use of miRNAs as potential markers of progression of DILI and specific zonated damage within the liver is discussed. Expert commentary: MiRNAs offer more sensitive and specific markers over the current biomarkers for DILI. Combinations of different miRNAs may be able to relay the location of DILI and the progression of disease. More studies using different hepatotoxins apart from acetaminophen will ultimately strengthen the case for the clinical introduction of miRNAs as biomarkers of DILI.