Evaluation of stat and routine turnaround times as a component of laboratory quality.

Quality assurance has been an essential part of clinical laboratory operations for more than two decades. Analytic precision and accuracy goals have been established, and laboratory performance is monitored periodically. For a laboratory test to be useful, it must be available in a timely manner. Expedience of result reporting has not, however, been routinely included among measures of laboratory quality. The authors evaluated stat and routine turnaround times for 42,414 requests on 24 clinical analytes over a 14-day period with the use of a personal computer. Median turnaround time is 1.70 times faster for stat than for routine tests. When examined by shift, average turnaround time is considerably faster for tests ordered stat than for tests ordered routinely during the day and evening shifts, when the work load is the greatest. The authors are now examining turnaround time as an indicator of quality laboratory performance and efficiency. Computer systems in many clinical laboratories already have the sophistication necessary to perform turnaround time analysis. The authors recommend that clinical laboratories begin to include timeliness of stat and routine result reporting as part of their quality assurance programs. Laboratories may also wish to investigate the usefulness of stat requests during slower shifts because these requests may interrupt the normal flow of specimens without expediting result reporting.