David F Frazão1, Joana R Raimundo1, Joana L Domingues1, Celestino Quintela-Sabarís2, José C Gonçalves1,3,4, Fernanda Delgado5,6,7. 1. CBPBI, Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal. 2. Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (UMR 1120, INRA-Univ. Lorraine), ENSAIA, 2 Av. de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. 3. IPCB-ESA, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal. 4. CERNAS/IPCB, Centro de Estudos de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Sociedade/Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal. 5. CBPBI, Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal. fdelgado@ipcb.pt. 6. IPCB-ESA, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal. fdelgado@ipcb.pt. 7. CERNAS/IPCB, Centro de Estudos de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Sociedade/Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal. fdelgado@ipcb.pt.
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: Cistus ladanifer has a well-defined taxonomic identity. 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone may be an authenticity and taxonomic marker. Its traits and applications make it a possible economic resource fitted for Mediterranean areas. Cistus ladanifer is a dominant shrub species endemic to the western Mediterranean region. Due to its dominant nature and its potential ecological, aromatic or pharmacological applications, C. ladanifer has been the object of numerous studies. In this review current knowledge on different aspects of this species is summarized, from its taxonomy to its chemical characterisation or its competitive traits. There are no doubts about the taxonomic entity of C. ladanifer, although the recognition of infraspecific taxa deserves more attention. Given that the fragrant exudate of C. ladanifer holds a very specific composition, one species specific carotenoid, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, derivative is proposed as an authenticity marker for uses of C. ladanifer in pharmacological or aromatic industries. Evidence is also gathered on the extreme adaptation of C. ladanifer to stressful conditions in the Mediterranean region, such as the ability to survive in low hydric and high solar exposition conditions, presistence in poor and contaminated soils, and growth inhibition of several other plants through the release of allelochemicals. Thus, the finding of potential applications for this plant may contribute to enhance the economic dimension of derelict lands, such as mine tailings or poor agricultural Mediterranean areas.
MAIN CONCLUSION: Cistus ladanifer has a well-defined taxonomic identity. 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone may be an authenticity and taxonomic marker. Its traits and applications make it a possible economic resource fitted for Mediterranean areas. Cistus ladanifer is a dominant shrub species endemic to the western Mediterranean region. Due to its dominant nature and its potential ecological, aromatic or pharmacological applications, C. ladanifer has been the object of numerous studies. In this review current knowledge on different aspects of this species is summarized, from its taxonomy to its chemical characterisation or its competitive traits. There are no doubts about the taxonomic entity of C. ladanifer, although the recognition of infraspecific taxa deserves more attention. Given that the fragrant exudate of C. ladanifer holds a very specific composition, one species specific carotenoid, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, derivative is proposed as an authenticity marker for uses of C. ladanifer in pharmacological or aromatic industries. Evidence is also gathered on the extreme adaptation of C. ladanifer to stressful conditions in the Mediterranean region, such as the ability to survive in low hydric and high solar exposition conditions, presistence in poor and contaminated soils, and growth inhibition of several other plants through the release of allelochemicals. Thus, the finding of potential applications for this plant may contribute to enhance the economic dimension of derelict lands, such as mine tailings or poor agricultural Mediterranean areas.
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