Beatrice J Edwards1, Ming Sun2, Xiaotao Zhang2, Holly M Holmes3, Juhee Song4, Peter Khalil2, Meghan Karuturi5, Jay B Shah6, Colin P Dinney6, Robert F Gagel2, Vicente Valero5, Richard E Champlin7, Debasish Tripathy5, William A Murphy8. 1. Geriatric Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler, unit 1465, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Beatrice.Edwards@va.gov. 2. Geriatric Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler, unit 1465, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. 3. Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA. 4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. 5. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. 6. Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. 7. Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Houston, TX, USA. 8. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE AND INTRODUCTION: A growing number of cancer patients are older adults aged 65 years and older. Patients with cancer are at increased risk for developing osteoporosis, falls, and fractures. We sought to identify the incidence of fractures in older adults who underwent cancer care between January 2013 and December 2015. METHODS: A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed, and bone densitometry was measured at baseline, with a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: In this study, among 304 patients with gastrointestinal, urologic, breast, lung, and gynecologic cancers we evaluated, and who completed the bone density testing (n = 199), 80% had osteoporosis or low bone mass (osteopenia). There was a higher prevalence of osteoporosis in cancer patients (40 vs. 16%, p = 0.05) than in population studies. Vitamin D insufficiency (< 30 ng/ml) was identified in 49% of tested cases (n = 245). Risk factors for low bone mass or osteoporosis were advanced age (p = 0.05), malnutrition (p = 0.04), and frailty (p = 0.01). Over the following 2 years (median follow-up 18 months), there was an incidence of fractures of 110 per 1000 person-years, or 2.8 times higher than reported in individuals without cancer. Risk factors for fractures included advanced age (70-79 vs. 60-69 years, p = 0.05) and frailty (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Most older cancer patients studied have osteoporosis or low bone mass, resulting in an almost 3-fold increase in fracture risk as compared to epidemiologic studies. Bone health issues are commonly seen in older cancer patients, we recommend universal bone density testing. The initiation of antiresorptive treatment when findings are of osteopenia or osteoporosis will reduce the risk of fractures.
PURPOSE AND INTRODUCTION: A growing number of cancerpatients are older adults aged 65 years and older. Patients with cancer are at increased risk for developing osteoporosis, falls, and fractures. We sought to identify the incidence of fractures in older adults who underwent cancer care between January 2013 and December 2015. METHODS: A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed, and bone densitometry was measured at baseline, with a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: In this study, among 304 patients with gastrointestinal, urologic, breast, lung, and gynecologic cancers we evaluated, and who completed the bone density testing (n = 199), 80% had osteoporosis or low bone mass (osteopenia). There was a higher prevalence of osteoporosis in cancerpatients (40 vs. 16%, p = 0.05) than in population studies. Vitamin Dinsufficiency (< 30 ng/ml) was identified in 49% of tested cases (n = 245). Risk factors for low bone mass or osteoporosis were advanced age (p = 0.05), malnutrition (p = 0.04), and frailty (p = 0.01). Over the following 2 years (median follow-up 18 months), there was an incidence of fractures of 110 per 1000 person-years, or 2.8 times higher than reported in individuals without cancer. Risk factors for fractures included advanced age (70-79 vs. 60-69 years, p = 0.05) and frailty (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Most older cancerpatients studied have osteoporosis or low bone mass, resulting in an almost 3-fold increase in fracture risk as compared to epidemiologic studies. Bone health issues are commonly seen in older cancerpatients, we recommend universal bone density testing. The initiation of antiresorptive treatment when findings are of osteopenia or osteoporosis will reduce the risk of fractures.
Entities:
Keywords:
Falls; Fractures; Low bone mass; Malignancy; Older adults
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