Daphne J Korczak1, Sheri Madigan2, Marlena Colasanto3, Peter Szatmari4, Yang Chen5, Jonathon Maguire6, Patricia Parkin7, Catherine S Birken8. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: daphne.korczak@sickkids.ca. 2. Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: sheri.madigan@ucalgary.ca. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: marlena.colasanto@sickkids.ca. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Child and Youth, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: peter.szatmari@utoronto.ca. 5. Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: chenyang@smh.ca. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jonathon.maguire@utoronto.ca. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: patricia.parkin@sickkids.ca. 8. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: catherine.birken@sickkids.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the longitudinal association of negative affect and physical activity in a population of preschool children. STUDY DESIGN: Participants included 763 children (53% male) attending scheduled health supervision visits in their primary care physicians' offices. Data were collected at two time points at mean ages 27 (SD=5.4) and 47 (SD=6.2) months. Negative affect (NA) was measured using the Negative Affectivity (frustration/anger, decreased soothability) domain of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Physical Activity (PA) was assessed using a parent-report questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses tested the association between NA and PA, adjusting for child age, sex, z-BMI, PA at Time 1, maternal education, household income, and season, and examined for sex differences in the relationship between NA and PA. RESULTS: The longitudinal association between NA at Time 1 and PA at Time 2 was moderated by sex (p<0.001). After adjusting for covariates, females with greater NA at Time 1 had decreased PA at Time 2 (p=0.01), whereas males with greater NA at Time 1 had increased PA at Time 2 (p=0.01). Specifically, among females, every 1 unit increase in NA at Time 1 was associated with a 9.9min/day decrease in PA at Time 2 (95% CI: -17.1, -2.8). CONCLUSIONS: NA and PA were associated early in childhood and the effects of NA on PA were gender specific. These findings underscore the importance of longitudinal and gender-specific analyses in mood-obesity research.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the longitudinal association of negative affect and physical activity in a population of preschool children. STUDY DESIGN:Participants included 763 children (53% male) attending scheduled health supervision visits in their primary care physicians' offices. Data were collected at two time points at mean ages 27 (SD=5.4) and 47 (SD=6.2) months. Negative affect (NA) was measured using the Negative Affectivity (frustration/anger, decreased soothability) domain of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Physical Activity (PA) was assessed using a parent-report questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses tested the association between NA and PA, adjusting for child age, sex, z-BMI, PA at Time 1, maternal education, household income, and season, and examined for sex differences in the relationship between NA and PA. RESULTS: The longitudinal association between NA at Time 1 and PA at Time 2 was moderated by sex (p<0.001). After adjusting for covariates, females with greater NA at Time 1 had decreased PA at Time 2 (p=0.01), whereas males with greater NA at Time 1 had increased PA at Time 2 (p=0.01). Specifically, among females, every 1 unit increase in NA at Time 1 was associated with a 9.9min/day decrease in PA at Time 2 (95% CI: -17.1, -2.8). CONCLUSIONS: NA and PA were associated early in childhood and the effects of NA on PA were gender specific. These findings underscore the importance of longitudinal and gender-specific analyses in mood-obesity research.
Authors: Katarzyna Białczyk; Jan Kłopocki; Jacek Kryś; Maciej Jaskulski; Anna Lewandowska; Robert Szafkowski; Karol Ogurkowski; Derek Pheby; Karl Morten; Marcin Jaracz Journal: Medicina (Kaunas) Date: 2022-01-27 Impact factor: 2.430