Invited review: the tale of ECIRS (Endoscopic Combined IntraRenal Surgery) in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position.

Modern-day percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) has undergone considerable evolution, mainly driven by the improvement in access techniques, endoscopic instrumentation technology, lithotripsy devices and drainage management. The introduction of the supine and supine-modified positions is also part of this evolution, enabling comfortable and safe procedures from an anaesthesiological point of view, and an easy combined retrograde surgery [Endoscopic Combined IntraRenal Surgery (ECIRS)], allowing tailoring of the procedure on the patient, the dynamic anatomy of the collecting system and the urolithiasis. The conceptual value of ECIRS extends beyond the single diagnostic and active advantages due to the simultaneous contribution of the flexible retrograde ureteroscopy: the merit consists in the promotion of the versatile attitude of the urologist, and in the fulfillment of a personalized stone management. ECIRS has no pretensions of superiority, but for sure is a new safe and effective way of interpreting PNL, in the hands of an experienced surgical team.