OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of 20 g protein with breakfast and evening meal on muscle mass, muscle strength and functional performance in older adults. DESIGN: A double-blinded randomized controlled study. SETTING: Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy community-dwelling men and women (≥ 70 years) with reduced physical strength and/or performance. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either protein-enriched milk (2 x 0.4 L/d; protein group) or an isocaloric carbohydrate drink (2 x 0.4 L/d; control group) with breakfast and evening meal for 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The primary endpoints were muscle mass measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry, and tests of muscle strength (one repetition maximum test of chest press and leg press) and functional performance (handgrip strength, stair calimb and repeated chair rise). RESULTS: In total, 438 subjects were screened, 50 subjects were randomized and 36 completed the study. Chest press improved significantly in the protein (1.3 kg (0.1-2.5), p=0.03) and the control group (1.5 kg (0.0-3.0), p=0.048), but with no difference between the groups (p=0.85). No significant change in leg press (p=0.93) or muscle mass (p=0.54) were observed between the protein and the control group. Nor did we observe any significant differences in the functional performance tests (p>0.05 for all tests) between the groups. CONCLUSION:Increased protein intake (2 x 20 g/d) did not significantly improve muscle mass, muscle strength or functional performance in healthy older weight stable adults. Whether intake of > 20 g protein to each meal is necessary for preservation of muscle mass and strength in older adults should be further investigated in a larger study. This underscores the need for well-designed studies that can differentiate between the effect of protein intake and increased energy. This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (ID no. NCT02218333).
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of 20 g protein with breakfast and evening meal on muscle mass, muscle strength and functional performance in older adults. DESIGN: A double-blinded randomized controlled study. SETTING: Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy community-dwelling men and women (≥ 70 years) with reduced physical strength and/or performance. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either protein-enriched milk (2 x 0.4 L/d; protein group) or an isocaloric carbohydrate drink (2 x 0.4 L/d; control group) with breakfast and evening meal for 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The primary endpoints were muscle mass measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry, and tests of muscle strength (one repetition maximum test of chest press and leg press) and functional performance (handgrip strength, stair calimb and repeated chair rise). RESULTS: In total, 438 subjects were screened, 50 subjects were randomized and 36 completed the study. Chest press improved significantly in the protein (1.3 kg (0.1-2.5), p=0.03) and the control group (1.5 kg (0.0-3.0), p=0.048), but with no difference between the groups (p=0.85). No significant change in leg press (p=0.93) or muscle mass (p=0.54) were observed between the protein and the control group. Nor did we observe any significant differences in the functional performance tests (p>0.05 for all tests) between the groups. CONCLUSION: Increased protein intake (2 x 20 g/d) did not significantly improve muscle mass, muscle strength or functional performance in healthy older weight stable adults. Whether intake of > 20 g protein to each meal is necessary for preservation of muscle mass and strength in older adults should be further investigated in a larger study. This underscores the need for well-designed studies that can differentiate between the effect of protein intake and increased energy. This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (ID no. NCT02218333).
Authors: Francesco Landi; Emanuele Marzetti; Anna M Martone; Roberto Bernabei; Graziano Onder Journal: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care Date: 2014-01 Impact factor: 4.294
Authors: Marika Leenders; Lex B Verdijk; Letty Van der Hoeven; Janneau Van Kranenburg; Rachel Nilwik; Will K W H Wodzig; Joan M G Senden; Hans A Keizer; Luc J C Van Loon Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2013-03 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Kun Zhu; Deborah A Kerr; Xingqiong Meng; Amanda Devine; Vicky Solah; Colin W Binns; Richard L Prince Journal: J Nutr Date: 2015-09-23 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Madonna M Mamerow; Joni A Mettler; Kirk L English; Shanon L Casperson; Emily Arentson-Lantz; Melinda Sheffield-Moore; Donald K Layman; Douglas Paddon-Jones Journal: J Nutr Date: 2014-01-29 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: J Max Michel; Kristy K Lievense; Sam C Norton; Juliana V Costa; Kathryn H Alphin; Lydia A Bailey; Gary D Miller Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-06-30 Impact factor: 6.706
Authors: Christine Baldwin; Marian Ae de van der Schueren; Hinke M Kruizenga; Christine Elizabeth Weekes Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2021-12-21
Authors: Everson A Nunes; Lauren Colenso-Semple; Sean R McKellar; Thomas Yau; Muhammad Usman Ali; Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis; Diana Sherifali; Claire Gaudichon; Daniel Tomé; Philip J Atherton; Maria Camprubi Robles; Sandra Naranjo-Modad; Michelle Braun; Francesco Landi; Stuart M Phillips Journal: J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Date: 2022-02-20 Impact factor: 12.910
Authors: Linda M Hengeveld; Janette de Goede; Lydia A Afman; Stephan J L Bakker; Joline W J Beulens; Ellen E Blaak; Eric Boersma; Johanna M Geleijnse; Johannes Hans B van Goudoever; Maria T E Hopman; Jolein A Iestra; Stef P J Kremers; Ronald P Mensink; Nicole M de Roos; Coen D A Stehouwer; Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman; Emely de Vet; Marjolein Visser Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2022-08-01 Impact factor: 11.567
Authors: Christopher Hurst; Lorelle Dismore; Antoneta Granic; Terry Aspray; Emma Stevenson; Miles D Witham; Avan A Sayer; Sian Robinson Journal: Clin Interv Aging Date: 2020-05-20 Impact factor: 4.458