Usah Khrucharoen1, Patkawat Ramart2,3, Judy Choi2,4, Diana Kang2,5, Ja-Hong Kim2, Shlomo Raz2. 1. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd. Bldg. 115, Rm. 320, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA. UKhrucharoen@mednet.ucla.edu. 2. Division of Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 4. Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. 5. Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSES: Our study aims to enhance the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis in patients with vaginal mesh extrusion following transvaginal mesh placement for pelvic organ prolapse using significant clinical parameters and risk factors. METHODS: All patients who underwent vaginal mesh removal were retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to May 2014. Eligible patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of vaginal mesh extrusion. RESULTS: A total of 862 patients, 798 were included. 357 (44.7%) had evidence of vaginal mesh extrusion, and 441 (55.3%) had no evidence of vaginal mesh extrusion. The mean age of the vaginal mesh extrusion group was slightly higher than in the group without vaginal mesh extrusion (58.7 ± 11.2 vs. 56.4 ± 11.5, respectively; p = 0.002). From multivariate analysis, the significant clinical correlations for vaginal mesh extrusion were vaginal bleeding [60 (16.9) vs. 14 (3.2%), p < 0.001], hispareunia [48 (13.5) vs. 15 (3.4%), OR = 4.163, p < 0.001], and vaginal discharge [45 (12.6) vs. 18 (4.1%), p = 0.001]. The risk factors were multiple mesh implantations [218 (67.06) vs. 175 (39.68%), p < 0.001] and menopause [314 (88) vs. 364 (82.7%), p = 0.145]. Demographic data, including BMI, sexual activity, vaginal atrophy, both local and systemic hormonal use, smoking status, and hysterectomy status, were not significantly different, as well as the clinical symptoms including dyspareunia, vaginal infection, and symptomatic vaginal bulge. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal bleeding, hispareunia, and vaginal discharge were the most significant clinical predictors for raising suspicion of vaginal mesh extrusion. Multiple mesh implantations were a significant risk factor for extrusion.
PURPOSES: Our study aims to enhance the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis in patients with vaginal mesh extrusion following transvaginal mesh placement for pelvic organ prolapse using significant clinical parameters and risk factors. METHODS: All patients who underwent vaginal mesh removal were retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to May 2014. Eligible patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of vaginal mesh extrusion. RESULTS: A total of 862 patients, 798 were included. 357 (44.7%) had evidence of vaginal mesh extrusion, and 441 (55.3%) had no evidence of vaginal mesh extrusion. The mean age of the vaginal mesh extrusion group was slightly higher than in the group without vaginal mesh extrusion (58.7 ± 11.2 vs. 56.4 ± 11.5, respectively; p = 0.002). From multivariate analysis, the significant clinical correlations for vaginal mesh extrusion were vaginal bleeding [60 (16.9) vs. 14 (3.2%), p < 0.001], hispareunia [48 (13.5) vs. 15 (3.4%), OR = 4.163, p < 0.001], and vaginal discharge [45 (12.6) vs. 18 (4.1%), p = 0.001]. The risk factors were multiple mesh implantations [218 (67.06) vs. 175 (39.68%), p < 0.001] and menopause [314 (88) vs. 364 (82.7%), p = 0.145]. Demographic data, including BMI, sexual activity, vaginal atrophy, both local and systemic hormonal use, smoking status, and hysterectomy status, were not significantly different, as well as the clinical symptoms including dyspareunia, vaginal infection, and symptomatic vaginal bulge. CONCLUSIONS:Vaginal bleeding, hispareunia, and vaginal discharge were the most significant clinical predictors for raising suspicion of vaginal mesh extrusion. Multiple mesh implantations were a significant risk factor for extrusion.
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