Preliminary Results of Lung Cancer Screening in a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Population.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to describe the preliminary results of our clinical low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening program targeting a minority, socioeconomically disadvantaged, high-risk population different from that studied in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Community partner clinics in an underserved region of south Los Angeles County referred interested candidates to our program. All patients met National Comprehensive Cancer Network eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening.
RESULTS: From July 21, 2015, through April 3, 2017, 889 individuals were referred to the program. Of the 329 eligible participants, 275 (mean age, 59 years; 52% men) underwent baseline screening LDCT: 84% of patients were black, and 66% had a high school education or less. The median pack-years was 40, and 81% of patients were current smokers. Thirty-one percent of participants reported occupational exposure to one or more known lung carcinogens. Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) categories were assigned using baseline LDCT examinations: Lung-RADS category 1 or 2 were assigned in 86% of patients, category 3 in 7%, category 4A in 4%, and category 4B or 4X in 3%. Lung cancer has been diagnosed in two of these patients (0.7%) to date: stage IIIB small cell lung carcinoma in one patient and stage IV lung cancer of unknown type in the other patient. Among the 275 patients, 29% had potentially clinically significant incidental findings.
CONCLUSION: Lung cancer screening with LDCT in a minority, socioeconomically disadvantaged, high-risk population is feasible but may yield a different lung cancer profile than screening populations in more privileged communities. More follow-up time is required to determine whether the reduction in lung cancer mortality shown in the NLST applies to this underserved population.