Marianne S Black1, Agnes G d'Entremont2, Robert G McCormack3, Gregory Hansen4, Derek Carr5, David R Wilson6. 1. University of British Columbia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada. Electronic address: mblack32@stanford.edu. 2. University of British Columbia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada. 3. University of British Columbia, Department of Orthopaedics, 3114 - 910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada; New West Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Centre, 65 Richmond St. Suite 102, New Westminster V3L 5P5, BC, Canada. 4. New West Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Centre, 65 Richmond St. Suite 102, New Westminster V3L 5P5, BC, Canada; Brockville General Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 75 Charles Street, Brockville K6V 1S8, ON, Canada. 5. New West Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Centre, 65 Richmond St. Suite 102, New Westminster V3L 5P5, BC, Canada; Cabrini Hospital Consulting Suites, 243 New Street, Brighton, VIC 3186, Australia. 6. Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Department of Orthopaedics, 3114 - 910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High tibial osteotomy is a surgical procedure to treat medial compartment osteoarthritis in varus knees. The reported success rates of the procedure are inconsistent, which may be due to sagittal plane alignment of the osteotomy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of changing tibial slope, for a range of tibial wedge angles in high tibial osteotomy, on knee joint contact pressure location and kinematics during continuous loaded flexion/extension. METHODS: Seven cadaveric knee specimens were cycled through flexion and extension in an Oxford knee-loading rig. The osteotomy on each specimen was adjusted to seven clinically relevant wedge and slope combinations. We used pressure sensors to determine the position of the centre of pressure in each compartment of the tibial plateau and infrared motion capture markers to determine tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics. FINDINGS: In early knee flexion, a 5° increase in tibial slope shifted the centre of pressure in the medial compartment anteriorly by 4.5mm (P≤0.001), (from the neutral slope/wedge position). Increasing the tibial slope also resulted in the tibia translating anteriorly (P≤0.001). INTERPRETATION: Changes to the tibial slope during high tibial osteotomy for all tested wedge angles shifted the centre of pressure in both the medial and lateral compartments substantially and altered knee kinematics. Tibial slope should be controlled during high tibial osteotomy to prevent unwanted changes in tibial plateau contact loads.
BACKGROUND: High tibial osteotomy is a surgical procedure to treat medial compartment osteoarthritis in varus knees. The reported success rates of the procedure are inconsistent, which may be due to sagittal plane alignment of the osteotomy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of changing tibial slope, for a range of tibial wedge angles in high tibial osteotomy, on knee joint contact pressure location and kinematics during continuous loaded flexion/extension. METHODS: Seven cadaveric knee specimens were cycled through flexion and extension in an Oxford knee-loading rig. The osteotomy on each specimen was adjusted to seven clinically relevant wedge and slope combinations. We used pressure sensors to determine the position of the centre of pressure in each compartment of the tibial plateau and infrared motion capture markers to determine tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics. FINDINGS: In early knee flexion, a 5° increase in tibial slope shifted the centre of pressure in the medial compartment anteriorly by 4.5mm (P≤0.001), (from the neutral slope/wedge position). Increasing the tibial slope also resulted in the tibia translating anteriorly (P≤0.001). INTERPRETATION: Changes to the tibial slope during high tibial osteotomy for all tested wedge angles shifted the centre of pressure in both the medial and lateral compartments substantially and altered knee kinematics. Tibial slope should be controlled during high tibial osteotomy to prevent unwanted changes in tibial plateau contact loads.
Authors: Anirudh K Gowd; Alexander E Weimer; Danielle E Rider; Edward C Beck; Avinesh Agarwalla; Lisa K O'Brien; Michael J Alaia; Cristin M Ferguson; Brian R Waterman Journal: Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil Date: 2021-06-24