Samantha R Paige1, Julia M Alber2, Michael L Stellefson3, Janice L Krieger4. 1. Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA; STEM Translational Communication Center, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA. Electronic address: paigesr190@ufl.edu. 2. Kinesiology Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo CA, USA. 3. Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville NC, USA. 4. STEM Translational Communication Center, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA; Department of Health Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA; Department of Advertising, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine how Transtheoretical Model (TTM)'s processes of change and mHealth literacy strategies are employed in mobile smoking cessation apps. METHODS: A purposive sample of 100 iTunes apps were coded to assess descriptive (price, type, developer, user-rating) and engagement metrics, including processes of change and mHealth literacy strategies (plain language, usability, interactivity). One-way ANOVAs and independent samples t-tests examined associations between descriptive and engagement metrics. RESULTS: Over half of the apps included 7 (78%) processes of change. Fewer included self-liberation (36%) and reinforcement management (34%). Most apps incorporated plain language, but few integrated usability and interactivity strategies. Hypnotherapy and informational apps included more behavioral processes of change than apps incorporating a combination of features, including gaming, cigarette trackers, and motivational coaching (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Apps included behavior change processes but rarely incorporated usability and interactivity features to promote patient engagement. Engagement metrics did not vary by app user-ratings, price-to-download, or developer, including for-profit organizations or government and educational institutions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Providers should acknowledge the popularity of smoking cessation apps as potential cessation aids and communicate their benefits and drawbacks to patients. Future efforts to improve smoking cessation apps should focus on enhancing the quality of tailored and interactive content.
OBJECTIVE: To examine how Transtheoretical Model (TTM)'s processes of change and mHealth literacy strategies are employed in mobile smoking cessation apps. METHODS: A purposive sample of 100 iTunes apps were coded to assess descriptive (price, type, developer, user-rating) and engagement metrics, including processes of change and mHealth literacy strategies (plain language, usability, interactivity). One-way ANOVAs and independent samples t-tests examined associations between descriptive and engagement metrics. RESULTS: Over half of the apps included 7 (78%) processes of change. Fewer included self-liberation (36%) and reinforcement management (34%). Most apps incorporated plain language, but few integrated usability and interactivity strategies. Hypnotherapy and informational apps included more behavioral processes of change than apps incorporating a combination of features, including gaming, cigarette trackers, and motivational coaching (p<0.01). CONCLUSION:Apps included behavior change processes but rarely incorporated usability and interactivity features to promote patient engagement. Engagement metrics did not vary by app user-ratings, price-to-download, or developer, including for-profit organizations or government and educational institutions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Providers should acknowledge the popularity of smoking cessation apps as potential cessation aids and communicate their benefits and drawbacks to patients. Future efforts to improve smoking cessation apps should focus on enhancing the quality of tailored and interactive content.
Authors: Edwin D Boudreaux; Molly E Waring; Rashelle B Hayes; Rajani S Sadasivam; Sean Mullen; Sherry Pagoto Journal: Transl Behav Med Date: 2014-12 Impact factor: 3.046
Authors: Jonathan B Bricker; Kristin E Mull; Julie A Kientz; Roger Vilardaga; Laina D Mercer; Katrina J Akioka; Jaimee L Heffner Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2014-07-17 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Heather Cole-Lewis; Adler Perotte; Kasia Galica; Lindy Dreyer; Christopher Griffith; Mary Schwarz; Christopher Yun; Heather Patrick; Kisha Coa; Erik Augustson Journal: J Med Internet Res Date: 2016-08-02 Impact factor: 5.428
Authors: Joelle C Ferron; Mary F Brunette; Pamela Geiger; Lisa A Marsch; Anna M Adachi-Mejia; Stephen J Bartels Journal: JMIR Hum Factors Date: 2017-03-03