Alberto J Espay1,2, Thomas Maloney3, Jennifer Vannest3, Matthew M Norris4, James C Eliassen4, Erin Neefus1, Jane B Allendorfer5, Robert Chen6, Jerzy P Szaflarski1,5. 1. UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 2. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 3. Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 4. University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 5. Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 6. The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether abnormalities in emotion processing underlie functional (psychogenic) dystonia, one of the most common functional movement disorders. METHODS: Motor and emotion circuits were examined in 12 participants with functional dystonia, 12 with primary organic dystonia, and 25 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 4T and a finger-tapping task (motor task), a basic emotion-recognition task (emotional faces task), and an intense-emotion stimuli task. RESULTS: There were no differences in motor task activation between groups. In the faces task, when compared with the other groups, functional dystonia patients showed areas of decreased activation in the right middle temporal gyrus and bilateral precuneus and increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum. In the intense-emotion task, when compared with the other groups, functional dystonia patients showed decreased activation in the left insular and left motor cortices (compared to organic dystonia, they showed an additional decrease in activation in the right opercular cortex and right motor cortex) and increased activation in the left fusiform gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: Functional dystonia patients exhibited stimulus-dependent altered activation in networks involved in motor preparation and execution, spatial cognition, and attentional control. These results support the presence of network dysfunction in functional dystonia.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether abnormalities in emotion processing underlie functional (psychogenic) dystonia, one of the most common functional movement disorders. METHODS: Motor and emotion circuits were examined in 12 participants with functional dystonia, 12 with primary organic dystonia, and 25 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 4T and a finger-tapping task (motor task), a basic emotion-recognition task (emotional faces task), and an intense-emotion stimuli task. RESULTS: There were no differences in motor task activation between groups. In the faces task, when compared with the other groups, functional dystoniapatients showed areas of decreased activation in the right middle temporal gyrus and bilateral precuneus and increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum. In the intense-emotion task, when compared with the other groups, functional dystoniapatients showed decreased activation in the left insular and left motor cortices (compared to organic dystonia, they showed an additional decrease in activation in the right opercular cortex and right motor cortex) and increased activation in the left fusiform gyrus. CONCLUSIONS:Functional dystoniapatients exhibited stimulus-dependent altered activation in networks involved in motor preparation and execution, spatial cognition, and attentional control. These results support the presence of network dysfunction in functional dystonia.
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