Feitong Wu1, Markus Juonala2,3, Niina Pitkänen2, Antti Jula4, Terho Lehtimäki5, Matthew A Sabin6, Katja Pahkala2,7, Nina Hutri-Kähönen8, Mika Kähönen9, Tomi Laitinen10, Jorma S A Viikari3, Costan G Magnussen1,2, Olli T Raitakari2,11. 1. a Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Hobart , TAS , Australia. 2. b Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Turku , Turku , Finland. 3. c Department of Medicine , University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland. 4. d National Institute for Health and Welfare , Turku , Finland. 5. e Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland. 6. f Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , and Department of Paediatrics , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC , Australia. 7. g Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health , University of Turku , Turku , Finland. 8. h Department of Pediatrics , University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland. 9. i Department of Clinical Physiology , Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland. 10. j Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland. 11. k Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether vitamin D status in childhood and adolescence (herein collectively referred to as youth) and the long-term status from youth to adulthood is associated with risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adulthood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 31-year follow-up study of 2300 participants aged 3-18 years. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association of both (a) baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and (b) the mean of baseline and the latest follow-up 25OHD levels (continuous variable and quartiles) with incident T2DM and IFG (cut-off = 5.6 mmol/L) in adult life. RESULTS: High serum 25OHD levels in youth and also mean values from youth to adulthood were associated with reduced risk of developing T2DM in adulthood (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval= 0.73, 0.57-0.95 and 0.65, 0.51-0.84, respectively, for each SD increment in 25OHD). Compared to Q1, a dose-dependent negative association was observed across other quartiles of youth 25OHD, while the strongest association was found in the Q3 for the mean 25OHD levels. Neither youth nor the mean 25OHD was associated with IFG. CONCLUSIONS: High serum 25OHD levels in youth, and from child to adult life, were associated with a reduced risk of developing T2DM in adulthood. Key Messages High serum 25OHD levels in youth, and between youth and adulthood, were associated with a lower risk of T2DM in adulthood. Each SD (15.2 nmol/L) increment in youth serum 25OHD levels was associated with a 26% reduction in odds for T2DM, which was independent of a number of confounding variables and other risk factors for T2DM. A similar magnitude of association was observed for the long-term 25OHD levels between youth and adulthood. These findings suggest a potentially simple and cost-effective strategy for reducing adulthood risk of T2DM starting in an earlier stage of life - improving and maintaining vitamin D status throughout youth and early adulthood.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether vitamin D status in childhood and adolescence (herein collectively referred to as youth) and the long-term status from youth to adulthood is associated with risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adulthood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 31-year follow-up study of 2300 participants aged 3-18 years. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association of both (a) baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and (b) the mean of baseline and the latest follow-up 25OHD levels (continuous variable and quartiles) with incident T2DM and IFG (cut-off = 5.6 mmol/L) in adult life. RESULTS: High serum 25OHD levels in youth and also mean values from youth to adulthood were associated with reduced risk of developing T2DM in adulthood (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval= 0.73, 0.57-0.95 and 0.65, 0.51-0.84, respectively, for each SD increment in 25OHD). Compared to Q1, a dose-dependent negative association was observed across other quartiles of youth 25OHD, while the strongest association was found in the Q3 for the mean 25OHD levels. Neither youth nor the mean 25OHD was associated with IFG. CONCLUSIONS: High serum 25OHD levels in youth, and from child to adult life, were associated with a reduced risk of developing T2DM in adulthood. Key Messages High serum 25OHD levels in youth, and between youth and adulthood, were associated with a lower risk of T2DM in adulthood. Each SD (15.2 nmol/L) increment in youth serum 25OHD levels was associated with a 26% reduction in odds for T2DM, which was independent of a number of confounding variables and other risk factors for T2DM. A similar magnitude of association was observed for the long-term 25OHD levels between youth and adulthood. These findings suggest a potentially simple and cost-effective strategy for reducing adulthood risk of T2DM starting in an earlier stage of life - improving and maintaining vitamin D status throughout youth and early adulthood.
Authors: Agnieszka Rusińska; Paweł Płudowski; Mieczysław Walczak; Maria K Borszewska-Kornacka; Artur Bossowski; Danuta Chlebna-Sokół; Justyna Czech-Kowalska; Anna Dobrzańska; Edward Franek; Ewa Helwich; Teresa Jackowska; Maria A Kalina; Jerzy Konstantynowicz; Janusz Książyk; Andrzej Lewiński; Jacek Łukaszkiewicz; Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska; Artur Mazur; Izabela Michałus; Jarosław Peregud-Pogorzelski; Hanna Romanowska; Marek Ruchała; Piotr Socha; Mieczysław Szalecki; Mirosław Wielgoś; Danuta Zwolińska; Arkadiusz Zygmunt Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2018-05-31 Impact factor: 5.555
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