Peter T While1, Jose R Teruel2,3,4, Igor Vidić5, Tone F Bathen4, Pål Erik Goa6,5. 1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Peter.Thomas.While@stolav.no. 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. 3. Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. 4. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. 5. Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. 6. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between relative enhanced diffusivity (RED) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), as well as the impact of noise and the choice of intermediate diffusion weighting (b value) on the RED parameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mathematical derivation was performed to cast RED in terms of the IVIM parameters. Noise analysis and b value optimization was conducted by using Monte Carlo calculations to generate diffusion-weighted imaging data appropriate to breast and liver tissue at three different signal-to-noise ratios. RESULTS: RED was shown to be approximately linearly proportional to the IVIM parameter f, inversely proportional to D and to follow an inverse exponential decay with respect to D*. The choice of intermediate b value was shown to be important in minimizing the impact of noise on RED and in maximizing its discriminatory power. RED was shown to be essentially a reparameterization of the IVIM estimates for f and D obtained with three b values. CONCLUSION: RED imaging in the breast and liver should be performed with intermediate b values of 100 and 50 s/mm2, respectively. Future clinical studies involving RED should also estimate the IVIM parameters f and D using three b values for comparison.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between relative enhanced diffusivity (RED) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), as well as the impact of noise and the choice of intermediate diffusion weighting (b value) on the RED parameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mathematical derivation was performed to cast RED in terms of the IVIM parameters. Noise analysis and b value optimization was conducted by using Monte Carlo calculations to generate diffusion-weighted imaging data appropriate to breast and liver tissue at three different signal-to-noise ratios. RESULTS:RED was shown to be approximately linearly proportional to the IVIM parameter f, inversely proportional to D and to follow an inverse exponential decay with respect to D*. The choice of intermediate b value was shown to be important in minimizing the impact of noise on RED and in maximizing its discriminatory power. RED was shown to be essentially a reparameterization of the IVIM estimates for f and D obtained with three b values. CONCLUSION:RED imaging in the breast and liver should be performed with intermediate b values of 100 and 50 s/mm2, respectively. Future clinical studies involving RED should also estimate the IVIM parameters f and D using three b values for comparison.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cancer screening; Diffusion-weighted MRI; Monte Carlo method; Signal-to-noise ratio
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