Jochem O Klompmaker1, Gerard Hoek2, Lizan D Bloemsma3, Ulrike Gehring2, Maciej Strak2, Alet H Wijga4, Carolien van den Brink4, Bert Brunekreef5, Erik Lebret3, Nicole A H Janssen4. 1. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jochem.klompmaker@rivm.nl. 2. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 3. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 4. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 5. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In epidemiological studies, exposure to green space is inconsistently associated with being overweight and physical activity, possibly because studies differ widely in their definition of green space exposure, inclusion of important confounders, study population and data analysis. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether the association of green space with being overweight and physical activity depended upon definition of greenspace. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from a Dutch national health survey of 387,195 adults. Distance to the nearest park entrance and surrounding green space, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or a detailed Dutch land-use database (TOP10NL), was calculated for each residential address. We used logistic regression analyses to study the association of green space exposure with being overweight and being moderately or vigorously physically active outdoors at least 150min/week (self-reported). To study the shape of the association, we specified natural splines and quintiles. RESULTS: The distance to the nearest park entrance was not associated with being overweight or outdoor physical activity. Associations of surrounding green space with being overweight or outdoor physical activity were highly non-linear. For NDVI surrounding greenness, we observed significantly decreased odds of being overweight [300m buffer, odds ratio (OR) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.91] and increased odds for outdoor physical activity [300m buffer, OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.17] in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile. For TOP10NL surrounding green space, associations were mostly non-significant. Associations were generally stronger for subjects living in less urban areas and for the smaller buffers. CONCLUSION: Associations of green space with being overweight and outdoor physical activity differed considerably between different green space definitions. Associations were strongest for NDVI surrounding greenness.
INTRODUCTION: In epidemiological studies, exposure to green space is inconsistently associated with being overweight and physical activity, possibly because studies differ widely in their definition of green space exposure, inclusion of important confounders, study population and data analysis. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether the association of green space with being overweight and physical activity depended upon definition of greenspace. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from a Dutch national health survey of 387,195 adults. Distance to the nearest park entrance and surrounding green space, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or a detailed Dutch land-use database (TOP10NL), was calculated for each residential address. We used logistic regression analyses to study the association of green space exposure with being overweight and being moderately or vigorously physically active outdoors at least 150min/week (self-reported). To study the shape of the association, we specified natural splines and quintiles. RESULTS: The distance to the nearest park entrance was not associated with being overweight or outdoor physical activity. Associations of surrounding green space with being overweight or outdoor physical activity were highly non-linear. For NDVI surrounding greenness, we observed significantly decreased odds of being overweight [300m buffer, odds ratio (OR) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.91] and increased odds for outdoor physical activity [300m buffer, OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.17] in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile. For TOP10NL surrounding green space, associations were mostly non-significant. Associations were generally stronger for subjects living in less urban areas and for the smaller buffers. CONCLUSION: Associations of green space with being overweight and outdoor physical activity differed considerably between different green space definitions. Associations were strongest for NDVI surrounding greenness.
Authors: Yi Sun; Xingzhi Wang; Jiayin Zhu; Liangjian Chen; Yuhang Jia; Jean M Lawrence; Luo-Hua Jiang; Xiaohui Xie; Jun Wu Journal: Sci Total Environ Date: 2021-05-08 Impact factor: 10.753
Authors: Bette Loef; Albert Wong; Nicole A H Janssen; Maciek Strak; Jurriaan Hoekstra; H Susan J Picavet; H C Hendriek Boshuizen; W M Monique Verschuren; Gerrie-Cor M Herber Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-06-20 Impact factor: 4.996
Authors: Juliana Melo; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Susana Aznar; Andreia Pizarro; Maria Paula Santos Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-06-18 Impact factor: 3.390