Mónica Oliveira1, Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves2, Jessica Silva2, Paula A Oliveira2,3, Rita Ferreira4, Luís Antunes2,3, Regina Arantes-Rodrigues3,5, Ana I Faustino-Rocha6,7. 1. School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. 2. Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal. 3. Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal. 4. Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA), Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. 5. Cytogenetic Laboratory, Hospital Center of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. 6. Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal anafaustino.faustino@sapo.pt. 7. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of several biological parameters for the prediction of tumor development and animal welfare in a rat model of urinary bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The control group (n=9) received tap water while the test group (n=12) received the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water. A score sheet with biological variables was used to monitor animals' welfare. Body weight, food and drink consumption and rectal temperature were measured weekly. Blood and urine samples were collected. RESULTS: Animals from the control group exhibited a slightly higher body weight and body weight gain. The final urine volume was higher in BBN group (p<0.05). All animals from the BBN group exhibited macroscopic hematuria at 35th week. Four animals were anemic in the last week of the experiment. CONCLUSION: The routine control of hematuria was a useful non-invasive biomarker of disease progression that may be used as a potential earlier humane endpoint. Animals did not show clinical signs of suffering that justified their sacrifice before the end of the study. Copyright
BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of several biological parameters for the prediction of tumor development and animal welfare in a rat model of urinary bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The control group (n=9) received tapwater while the test group (n=12) received the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water. A score sheet with biological variables was used to monitor animals' welfare. Body weight, food and drink consumption and rectal temperature were measured weekly. Blood and urine samples were collected. RESULTS: Animals from the control group exhibited a slightly higher body weight and body weight gain. The final urine volume was higher in BBN group (p<0.05). All animals from the BBN group exhibited macroscopic hematuria at 35th week. Four animals were anemic in the last week of the experiment. CONCLUSION: The routine control of hematuria was a useful non-invasive biomarker of disease progression that may be used as a potential earlier humane endpoint. Animals did not show clinical signs of suffering that justified their sacrifice before the end of the study. Copyright
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