Robert Newton1,2, Nazzarena Labo3, Katie Wakeham1, Wendell Miley3, Gershim Asiki1,4, W Thomas Johnston2, Denise Whitby3. 1. Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe. 2. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom. 3. Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland. 4. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
Background: The prevalence and titers of antibodies against Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in rural Africa are not completely understood, nor are their trends over time in populations in which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also endemic. We examined prevalence, titers, temporal trends, and determinants of anti-KSHV antibodies in each of 3 time periods (1990-1991, 1999-2000, and 2007-2008) within a long-standing, rural population-based cohort in southwestern Uganda. Methods: For each period, we measured antibodies to the K8.1 and ORF73 KSHV antigens in approximately 3000 people of all ages (1:1 sex ratio). Results: In all periods, KSHV prevalence increased rapidly through childhood to approximately 90% by age 15 years, plateauing at approximately 95% thereafter. Similarly, antibody titers, particularly against the lytic antigen K8.1, were among the highest seen and increased significantly with age, suggesting sustained viral replication in this population. Male sex was also independently associated with higher prevalence, whereas HIV coinfection was not. A modest reduction in prevalence among children was noted in the most recent period. Conclusions: KSHV seroprevalence and antibodies titers in this rural Ugandan population are the highest yet reported, perhaps reflecting frequent viral reactivation and persistently elevated transmission. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
Background: The prevalence and titers of antibodies against Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in rural Africa are not completely understood, nor are their trends over time in populations in which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also endemic. We examined prevalence, titers, temporal trends, and determinants of anti-KSHV antibodies in each of 3 time periods (1990-1991, 1999-2000, and 2007-2008) within a long-standing, rural population-based cohort in southwestern Uganda. Methods: For each period, we measured antibodies to the K8.1 and ORF73 KSHV antigens in approximately 3000 people of all ages (1:1 sex ratio). Results: In all periods, KSHV prevalence increased rapidly through childhood to approximately 90% by age 15 years, plateauing at approximately 95% thereafter. Similarly, antibody titers, particularly against the lytic antigen K8.1, were among the highest seen and increased significantly with age, suggesting sustained viral replication in this population. Male sex was also independently associated with higher prevalence, whereas HIV coinfection was not. A modest reduction in prevalence among children was noted in the most recent period. Conclusions: KSHV seroprevalence and antibodies titers in this rural Ugandan population are the highest yet reported, perhaps reflecting frequent viral reactivation and persistently elevated transmission. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
Entities:
Keywords:
HIV; KSHV; Uganda; epidemiology; rural population
Authors: E A Engels; D Whitby; P B Goebel; A Stossel; D Waters; A Pintus; L Contu; R J Biggar; J J Goedert Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2000-04-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Lisa M Butler; Grant Dorsey; Wolfgang Hladik; Philip J Rosenthal; Christian Brander; Torsten B Neilands; Georgina Mbisa; Denise Whitby; Photini Kiepiela; Anisa Mosam; Similo Mzolo; Sheila C Dollard; Jeffrey N Martin Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2009-08-01 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Alison M Elliott; Denise Whitby; Robert Newton; Katie Wakeham; Emily L Webb; Ismail Sebina; Lawrence Muhangi; Wendell Miley; W Thomas Johnson; Juliet Ndibazza Journal: Infect Agent Cancer Date: 2011-09-30 Impact factor: 2.965
Authors: Angela Nalwoga; Stephen Cose; Katie Wakeham; Wendell Miley; Juliet Ndibazza; Christopher Drakeley; Alison Elliott; Denise Whitby; Robert Newton Journal: Trop Med Int Health Date: 2015-02-09 Impact factor: 2.622
Authors: Gershim Asiki; Georges Reniers; Robert Newton; Kathy Baisley; Jessica Nakiyingi-Miiro; Emma Slaymaker; Ivan Kasamba; Janet Seeley; Jim Todd; Pontiano Kaleebu; Anatoli Kamali Journal: AIDS Date: 2016-01-28 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Joanne T Chang; Fatma M Shebl; Ruth M Pfeiffer; Benon Biryahwaho; Barry I Graubard; Sam M Mbulaiteye Journal: Infect Agent Cancer Date: 2013-01-16 Impact factor: 2.965
Authors: Katie Wakeham; W Thomas Johnston; Angela Nalwoga; Emily L Webb; Billy N Mayanja; Wendell Miley; Alison M Elliott; Denise Whitby; Robert Newton Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2014-11-28 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Peter O Oluoch; Cliff I Oduor; Catherine S Forconi; John M Ong'echa; Christian Münz; Dirk P Dittmer; Jeffrey A Bailey; Ann M Moormann Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2020-06-16 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Salum J Lidenge; For Yue Tso; Owen Ngalamika; John R Ngowi; Yasaman Mortazavi; Eun Hee Kwon; Danielle M Shea; Veenu Minhas; Julius Mwaiselage; Charles Wood; John T West Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2019-04-08 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Juliana Prado Gonçales; Thaísa Regina Rocha Lopes; Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena; Melayne Rocha Aciole; José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior; Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza; Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva; Maria Rosangela Cunha Duarte Coêlho Journal: Med Microbiol Immunol Date: 2019-10-04 Impact factor: 3.402
Authors: Salum J Lidenge; For Yue Tso; Yasaman Mortazavi; John R Ngowi; Danielle M Shea; Julius Mwaiselage; Charles Wood; John T West Journal: Cancers (Basel) Date: 2020-06-16 Impact factor: 6.639
Authors: Robert Newton; Denise Whitby; Inês Barroso; Neneh Sallah; Wendell Miley; Nazzarena Labo; Tommy Carstensen; Segun Fatumo; Deepti Gurdasani; Martin O Pollard; Alexander T Dilthey; Alexander J Mentzer; Vickie Marshall; Elena M Cornejo Castro; Cristina Pomilla; Elizabeth H Young; Gershim Asiki; Martin L Hibberd; Manjinder Sandhu; Paul Kellam Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2020-07-31 Impact factor: 14.919