Rafael González1, Lázaro Pascual1, Alexandra Sava1, Sara Tolón1, Javier Urbano1, Jesus López-Herce2,3. 1. Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2. Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. pielvi@hotmail.com. 3. Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Dr Castelo 47, Madrid 28009, Spain. pielvi@hotmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the ventilation practice during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in children. METHODS: An online survey of CPR practices was designed and sent to healthcare professionals treating children. RESULTS: A total of 477 healthcare professionals from 46 countries responded to this survey; 92.7% were physicians and 64.2% worked in pediatric intensive care units. Specific CPR guidelines were used by 97.7% of respondents. The respiratory rate most frequently used for children over 12 months was 13 to 20 respirations per minute (rpm) (46% in intubated and 41.8% in non-intubated). For infants under 12 months, the most frequently used respiratory rate was 21 to 30 rpm in intubated patients (37.3%): in non-intubated infants, 13 to 20 rpm (26.5%) and 21 to 30 rpm (26.5%) were used with the same frequency. In North America, the respiratory rate most widely used was 7 to 12 rpm; higher rates (13 to 20 rpm and 21 to 30 rpm) were used in Europe and Latin America (P<0.001). After ROSC, no significant differences in the respiratory rates used were found between the continents. More than 40% of healthcare professionals had a target oxygen saturation below 94%; more than 10% used a target arterial PCO2 below 35 mmHg and more than 13% above 45 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variation in the management of ventilation of children in cardiac arrest, and international recommendations are not being followed in a high percentage of cases.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the ventilation practice during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in children. METHODS: An online survey of CPR practices was designed and sent to healthcare professionals treating children. RESULTS: A total of 477 healthcare professionals from 46 countries responded to this survey; 92.7% were physicians and 64.2% worked in pediatric intensive care units. Specific CPR guidelines were used by 97.7% of respondents. The respiratory rate most frequently used for children over 12 months was 13 to 20 respirations per minute (rpm) (46% in intubated and 41.8% in non-intubated). For infants under 12 months, the most frequently used respiratory rate was 21 to 30 rpm in intubated patients (37.3%): in non-intubated infants, 13 to 20 rpm (26.5%) and 21 to 30 rpm (26.5%) were used with the same frequency. In North America, the respiratory rate most widely used was 7 to 12 rpm; higher rates (13 to 20 rpm and 21 to 30 rpm) were used in Europe and Latin America (P<0.001). After ROSC, no significant differences in the respiratory rates used were found between the continents. More than 40% of healthcare professionals had a target oxygen saturation below 94%; more than 10% used a target arterial PCO2 below 35 mmHg and more than 13% above 45 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variation in the management of ventilation of children in cardiac arrest, and international recommendations are not being followed in a high percentage of cases.
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