Priyanka Chhadva1, Raquel Goldhardt2, Anat Galor3. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 2. Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida. 3. Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: AGalor@med.miami.edu.
Abstract
TOPIC: To discuss the pathology, causes, and ocular surface impact of meibomian gland disease (MGD), as well as its relationship to dry eye. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MGD is a common disorder with various contributing mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Understanding MGD pathophysiology and its relationship to dry eye is important in order to optimize diagnosis and treatment algorithms. METHODS: A review of current literature was performed to discern MGD in terms of pathophysiology, risk factors, and ocular surface impact, and the relationship to dry eye. RESULTS: Meibomian gland obstruction and meibocyte depletion are important components of MGD. Many pathologies can disrupt function of meibomian glands, ranging from congenital to acquired causes. Once gland disruption occurs, the quality and quantity of meibum is altered, with a negative impact on the ocular surface. Increased tear evaporation, tear hyperosmolarity, increased ocular surface staining, increased inflammation, symptomatic irritation of the eyelid and globes, as well as decreased visual acuity have all been observed. CONCLUSION: MGD leads to changes in meibum quality and quantity that can cause evaporative dry eye and ocular surface disruption, leading to dry eye symptoms in some individuals. Published by Elsevier Inc.
TOPIC: To discuss the pathology, causes, and ocular surface impact of meibomian gland disease (MGD), as well as its relationship to dry eye. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MGD is a common disorder with various contributing mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Understanding MGD pathophysiology and its relationship to dry eye is important in order to optimize diagnosis and treatment algorithms. METHODS: A review of current literature was performed to discern MGD in terms of pathophysiology, risk factors, and ocular surface impact, and the relationship to dry eye. RESULTS: Meibomian gland obstruction and meibocyte depletion are important components of MGD. Many pathologies can disrupt function of meibomian glands, ranging from congenital to acquired causes. Once gland disruption occurs, the quality and quantity of meibum is altered, with a negative impact on the ocular surface. Increased tear evaporation, tear hyperosmolarity, increased ocular surface staining, increased inflammation, symptomatic irritation of the eyelid and globes, as well as decreased visual acuity have all been observed. CONCLUSION: MGD leads to changes in meibum quality and quantity that can cause evaporative dry eye and ocular surface disruption, leading to dry eye symptoms in some individuals. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Authors: Kari B Green-Church; Igor Butovich; Mark Willcox; Douglas Borchman; Friedrich Paulsen; Stefano Barabino; Ben J Glasgow Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2011-03-30 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Anthony J Bron; Alan Tomlinson; Gary N Foulks; Jay S Pepose; Christophe Baudouin; Gerd Geerling; Kelly K Nichols; Michael A Lemp Journal: Ocul Surf Date: 2014-02-13 Impact factor: 5.033
Authors: Scott D Walter; Karsten Gronert; Allison L McClellan; Roy C Levitt; Konstantinos D Sarantopoulos; Anat Galor Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2016-05-01 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Khalid M Aldaas; Omar M Ismail; Judi Hakim; Eric D Van Buren; Feng-Chang Lin; Joshua S Hardin; Jay J Meyer Journal: Am J Ophthalmol Date: 2020-05-12 Impact factor: 5.258
Authors: Clara Llorens-Quintana; Laura Rico-Del-Viejo; Piotr Syga; David Madrid-Costa; D Robert Iskander Journal: Transl Vis Sci Technol Date: 2019-08-02 Impact factor: 3.283