Yan Yan Wu1,2, Stephen Lye2, Laurent Briollais2. 1. Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i. 2. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have implicated the FTO gene in child and adult obesity. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EXBF) has been shown to reduce body mass index (BMI) and the risk of being overweight in the general population and among FTO gene carriers. However, it remains unclear whether the preventive effect of EXBF could be explained by its impact on early life growth development, e.g. ages at adiposity peak (AP) and adiposity rebound (AR) and BMI velocities in the first years of life, which are major determinants of overweight and obesity later in life. Methods: We studied 5590 children from the British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort and modelled their longitudinal BMI profiles with mixed effects models from birth to 16 years of age, as well as their ages at AP, AR and BMI velocities in relation to the FTO gene variant and EXBF. Results: A longer duration of EXBF (i.e. at least 5 months) has substantial impact on BMI growth trajectories among children carrying the FTO adverse variant by modulating the age at AP, age at AR and BMI velocities. EXBF acts antagonistically to the FTO rs9939609 risk allele and by the age of 15, the predicted reduction in BMI after 5 months of EXBF is 0.56 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-1.01; P = 0.003] and 1.14 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.67-1.62; P < 0.0001) in boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions: EXBF influences early life growth development and thus plays a critical role in preventing the risks of overweight and obesity even when those are exacerbated by genetic factors.
Background: Recent studies have implicated the FTO gene in child and adult obesity. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EXBF) has been shown to reduce body mass index (BMI) and the risk of being overweight in the general population and among FTO gene carriers. However, it remains unclear whether the preventive effect of EXBF could be explained by its impact on early life growth development, e.g. ages at adiposity peak (AP) and adiposity rebound (AR) and BMI velocities in the first years of life, which are major determinants of overweight and obesity later in life. Methods: We studied 5590 children from the British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort and modelled their longitudinal BMI profiles with mixed effects models from birth to 16 years of age, as well as their ages at AP, AR and BMI velocities in relation to the FTO gene variant and EXBF. Results: A longer duration of EXBF (i.e. at least 5 months) has substantial impact on BMI growth trajectories among children carrying the FTO adverse variant by modulating the age at AP, age at AR and BMI velocities. EXBF acts antagonistically to the FTO rs9939609 risk allele and by the age of 15, the predicted reduction in BMI after 5 months of EXBF is 0.56 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-1.01; P = 0.003] and 1.14 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.67-1.62; P < 0.0001) in boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions: EXBF influences early life growth development and thus plays a critical role in preventing the risks of overweight and obesity even when those are exacerbated by genetic factors.
Authors: K M Livingstone; C Celis-Morales; J Lara; A W Ashor; J A Lovegrove; J A Martinez; W H Saris; M Gibney; Y Manios; I Traczyk; C A Drevon; H Daniel; E R Gibney; L Brennan; J Bouwman; K A Grimaldi; J C Mathers Journal: Obes Rev Date: 2015-05-28 Impact factor: 9.213
Authors: Tiina Lappalainen; Jaana Lindström; Jussi Paananen; Johan G Eriksson; Leila Karhunen; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Matti Uusitupa Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2012-01-23 Impact factor: 3.718
Authors: Joanne E Cecil; Roger Tavendale; Peter Watt; Marion M Hetherington; Colin N A Palmer Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2008-12-11 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Andy Boyd; Jean Golding; John Macleod; Debbie A Lawlor; Abigail Fraser; John Henderson; Lynn Molloy; Andy Ness; Susan Ring; George Davey Smith Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2012-04-16 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Tariq Ahmad; I-Min Lee; Guillaume Paré; Daniel I Chasman; Lynda Rose; Paul M Ridker; Samia Mora Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2011-01-25 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Christian Dina; David Meyre; Sophie Gallina; Emmanuelle Durand; Antje Körner; Peter Jacobson; Lena M S Carlsson; Wieland Kiess; Vincent Vatin; Cecile Lecoeur; Jérome Delplanque; Emmanuel Vaillant; François Pattou; Juan Ruiz; Jacques Weill; Claire Levy-Marchal; Fritz Horber; Natascha Potoczna; Serge Hercberg; Catherine Le Stunff; Pierre Bougnères; Peter Kovacs; Michel Marre; Beverley Balkau; Stéphane Cauchi; Jean-Claude Chèvre; Philippe Froguel Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2007-05-13 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Izzuddin M Aris; Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman; Ling-Jun Li; Ken Kleinman; Brent A Coull; Diane R Gold; Marie-France Hivert; Michael S Kramer; Emily Oken Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2018-06-28 Impact factor: 4.406
Authors: Alexessander Couto Alves; N Maneka G De Silva; Ville Karhunen; Ulla Sovio; Shikta Das; H Rob Taal; Nicole M Warrington; Alexandra M Lewin; Marika Kaakinen; Diana L Cousminer; Elisabeth Thiering; Nicholas J Timpson; Tom A Bond; Estelle Lowry; Christopher D Brown; Xavier Estivill; Virpi Lindi; Jonathan P Bradfield; Frank Geller; Doug Speed; Lachlan J M Coin; Marie Loh; Sheila J Barton; Lawrence J Beilin; Hans Bisgaard; Klaus Bønnelykke; Rohia Alili; Ida J Hatoum; Katharina Schramm; Rufus Cartwright; Marie-Aline Charles; Vincenzo Salerno; Karine Clément; Annique A J Claringbould; Cornelia M van Duijn; Elena Moltchanova; Johan G Eriksson; Cathy Elks; Bjarke Feenstra; Claudia Flexeder; Stephen Franks; Timothy M Frayling; Rachel M Freathy; Paul Elliott; Elisabeth Widén; Hakon Hakonarson; Andrew T Hattersley; Alina Rodriguez; Marco Banterle; Joachim Heinrich; Barbara Heude; John W Holloway; Albert Hofman; Elina Hyppönen; Hazel Inskip; Lee M Kaplan; Asa K Hedman; Esa Läärä; Holger Prokisch; Harald Grallert; Timo A Lakka; Debbie A Lawlor; Mads Melbye; Tarunveer S Ahluwalia; Marcella Marinelli; Iona Y Millwood; Lyle J Palmer; Craig E Pennell; John R Perry; Susan M Ring; Markku J Savolainen; Fernando Rivadeneira; Marie Standl; Jordi Sunyer; Carla M T Tiesler; Andre G Uitterlinden; William Schierding; Justin M O'Sullivan; Inga Prokopenko; Karl-Heinz Herzig; George Davey Smith; Paul O'Reilly; Janine F Felix; Jessica L Buxton; Alexandra I F Blakemore; Ken K Ong; Vincent W V Jaddoe; Struan F A Grant; Sylvain Sebert; Mark I McCarthy; Marjo-Riitta Järvelin Journal: Sci Adv Date: 2019-09-04 Impact factor: 14.136