Syenna H J Schievink1, Martin P J van Boxtel1, Kay Deckers1, Robert J van Oostenbrugge2,3, Frans R J Verhey1, Sebastian Köhler1. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Dr Tanslaan 12, PO Box 616 (DRT 12), 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Neurology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
AIMS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested to accelerate cognitive decline and to be a risk factor for dementia, but still little is known about the cognitive course after a first cardiovascular event. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the cognitive trajectories in both prevalent and incident CVD over a 12-year time period in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cognitively healthy participants (age 24-82 years, n = 1823) of a prospective cohort study were serially assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 years. Verbal memory, executive function, and information processing speed were analysed in adults with prevalent, incident, and no CVD. Random effects models were used to test the association between CVD and change in cognitive function over time. At baseline, participants with prevalent CVD showed more decline in memory and information processing speed than healthy controls. Participants with incident CVD also showed more decline in these cognitive domains, but this was only significant in the follow-up period from 6 to 12 years. Associations were more pronounced in participants aged younger than 65 years at baseline, and in sub-analyses with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction as the most prevalent CVD conditions. CONCLUSION: Prevalent and incident CVD predict cognitive decline in middle-aged individuals. Findings for incident CVD suggest that the onset of decline is linked in time with the vascular event itself. Timely CVD management may delay the onset of decline. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIMS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested to accelerate cognitive decline and to be a risk factor for dementia, but still little is known about the cognitive course after a first cardiovascular event. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the cognitive trajectories in both prevalent and incident CVD over a 12-year time period in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cognitively healthy participants (age 24-82 years, n = 1823) of a prospective cohort study were serially assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 years. Verbal memory, executive function, and information processing speed were analysed in adults with prevalent, incident, and no CVD. Random effects models were used to test the association between CVD and change in cognitive function over time. At baseline, participants with prevalent CVD showed more decline in memory and information processing speed than healthy controls. Participants with incident CVD also showed more decline in these cognitive domains, but this was only significant in the follow-up period from 6 to 12 years. Associations were more pronounced in participants aged younger than 65 years at baseline, and in sub-analyses with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction as the most prevalent CVD conditions. CONCLUSION: Prevalent and incident CVD predict cognitive decline in middle-aged individuals. Findings for incident CVD suggest that the onset of decline is linked in time with the vascular event itself. Timely CVD management may delay the onset of decline. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
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