Stéphane Bardet1, Renaud Ciappuccini1, Claire Pellot-Barakat2, Hervé Monpeyssen3, Jean-Jacques Michels4, Frédérique Tissier5, David Blanchard6, Fabrice Menegaux7, Dominique de Raucourt6, Muriel Lefort8, Yves Reznik9, Agnès Rouxel10, Natacha Heutte11, Frédérique Brenac12, Alexandra Leconte11, Camille Buffet10, Bénédicte Clarisse11, Laurence Leenhardt10. 1. 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, Centre François Baclesse , Caen, France . 2. 2 In Vivo Molecular Imaging, IMIV Laboratory, Inserm, CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay , Orsay, France . 3. 3 Thyroid Unit, American Hospital , Neuilly sur Seine, France . 4. 4 Department of Pathology, Centre François Baclesse , Caen, France . 5. 5 Department of Pathology, University Paris VI , Paris, France . 6. 6 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Centre François Baclesse , Caen, France . 7. 7 Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Paris VI , Paris, France . 8. 8 Biomedical Imaging laboratory, LIB, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités , Paris, France . 9. 9 Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital , Caen, France . 10. 10 Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, Institute of Endocrinology; Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, IUC, University Paris VI , Paris, France . 11. 11 Department of Clinical Research, Centre François Baclesse , Caen, France . 12. 12 Radiology, Centre François Baclesse , Caen, France .
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The clinical management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology (IC) remains challenging. The role of shear wave elastography (SWE) in this setting is controversial. The aim of the study was to assess the performances of SWE in terms of prediction of malignancy, reproducibility, and combined analysis with ultrasound (US) examination in thyroid nodules with IC. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in two referral centers. Eligible patients had a thyroid nodule ≥15 mm with IC (Bethesda class III-V) for which surgery had been recommended. Patients underwent a standardized US evaluation combined with a SWE exam followed by surgery. SWE parameters included mean (meanEI; kPa) and max (maxEI) elasticity values, and ratio (meanEI nodule/parenchyma). RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one nodules (median size 30 mm) in 131 patients were studied. IC was class III in 28%, class IV in 64%, and class V in 8% of cases. After surgery, 21 (16%) nodules were malignant, including nine papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), six follicular thyroid cancers, five poorly differentiated carcinomas, and one large B-cell lymphoma. SWE parameters were similar in benign and malignant nodules, including meanEI (20.2 vs. 19.6 kPa), maxEI (34.3 vs. 32.5 kPa), and ratio (1.57 vs. 1.38). In malignant nodules, meanEI, maxEI, and ratio were higher in the classic PTC variants (n = 4) than in the other PTC variants (n = 5; p < 0.02) and in non-PTC tumors (n = 12; p < 0.005). Intra- and inter-observer coefficients of variations for meanEI in nodules were 23% and 26%, respectively. The French Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System score, the American Thyroid Association US classification, and the EU-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System were not associated with malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high elasticity values in classic PTC variants, conventional SWE indexes failed to discriminate between benign and malignant tumors in thyroid nodules with IC.
BACKGROUND: The clinical management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology (IC) remains challenging. The role of shear wave elastography (SWE) in this setting is controversial. The aim of the study was to assess the performances of SWE in terms of prediction of malignancy, reproducibility, and combined analysis with ultrasound (US) examination in thyroid nodules with IC. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in two referral centers. Eligible patients had a thyroid nodule ≥15 mm with IC (Bethesda class III-V) for which surgery had been recommended. Patients underwent a standardized US evaluation combined with a SWE exam followed by surgery. SWE parameters included mean (meanEI; kPa) and max (maxEI) elasticity values, and ratio (meanEI nodule/parenchyma). RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one nodules (median size 30 mm) in 131 patients were studied. IC was class III in 28%, class IV in 64%, and class V in 8% of cases. After surgery, 21 (16%) nodules were malignant, including nine papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), six follicular thyroid cancers, five poorly differentiated carcinomas, and one large B-cell lymphoma. SWE parameters were similar in benign and malignant nodules, including meanEI (20.2 vs. 19.6 kPa), maxEI (34.3 vs. 32.5 kPa), and ratio (1.57 vs. 1.38). In malignant nodules, meanEI, maxEI, and ratio were higher in the classic PTC variants (n = 4) than in the other PTC variants (n = 5; p < 0.02) and in non-PTC tumors (n = 12; p < 0.005). Intra- and inter-observer coefficients of variations for meanEI in nodules were 23% and 26%, respectively. The French Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System score, the American Thyroid Association US classification, and the EU-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System were not associated with malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high elasticity values in classic PTC variants, conventional SWE indexes failed to discriminate between benign and malignant tumors in thyroid nodules with IC.
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