Carolyn McCabe1, Olivia S Anderson1, Luke Montrose2, Kari Neier2, Dana C Dolinoy3,4. 1. Nutritonal Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA. 2. Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA. 3. Nutritonal Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA. ddolinoy@umich.edu. 4. Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA. ddolinoy@umich.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The genetic material of every organism exists within the context of regulatory networks that govern gene expression-collectively called the epigenome. Animal models and human birth cohort studies have revealed key developmental periods that are important for epigenetic programming and vulnerable to environmental insults. Thus, epigenetics represent a potential mechanism through which sexually dimorphic effects of early-life exposures such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) manifest. RECENT FINDINGS: Several animal studies, and to a lesser extent human studies, have evaluated life-course sexually dimorphic health effects following developmental toxicant exposures; many fewer studies, however, have evaluated epigenetics as a mechanism mediating developmental exposures and later outcomes. To evaluate epigenetic reprogramming as a mechanistic link of sexually dimorphic early-life EDCs exposures, the following criteria should be met: (1) well-characterized exposure paradigm that includes relevant windows for developmental epigenetic reprogramming; (2) evaluation of sex-specific exposure-related epigenetic change; and (3) observation of a sexually dimorphic phenotype in either childhood, adolescence, or adulthood.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The genetic material of every organism exists within the context of regulatory networks that govern gene expression-collectively called the epigenome. Animal models and human birth cohort studies have revealed key developmental periods that are important for epigenetic programming and vulnerable to environmental insults. Thus, epigenetics represent a potential mechanism through which sexually dimorphic effects of early-life exposures such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) manifest. RECENT FINDINGS: Several animal studies, and to a lesser extent human studies, have evaluated life-course sexually dimorphic health effects following developmental toxicant exposures; many fewer studies, however, have evaluated epigenetics as a mechanism mediating developmental exposures and later outcomes. To evaluate epigenetic reprogramming as a mechanistic link of sexually dimorphic early-life EDCs exposures, the following criteria should be met: (1) well-characterized exposure paradigm that includes relevant windows for developmental epigenetic reprogramming; (2) evaluation of sex-specific exposure-related epigenetic change; and (3) observation of a sexually dimorphic phenotype in either childhood, adolescence, or adulthood.
Entities:
Keywords:
Bisphenol A (BPA); Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD); Epigenetics; Lead (Pb); Sexually dimorphic effects
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