From autophagy to mitophagy: the roles of P62 in neurodegenerative diseases.

P62, also called sequestosome1 (SQSTM1), is the selective cargo receptor for autophagy to degenerate misfolded proteins. It has also been found to assist and connect parkin in pink1/parkin mitophagy pathway. Previous studies showed that p62 was in association with neurodegenerative diseases, and one of the diseases pathogenesis is P62 induced autophagy and mitophagy dysfunction. Autophagy is an important process to eliminate misfolded proteins. Intracellular aggregation including α-synuclein, Huntingtin, tau protein and ß-amyloid (Aß) protein are the misfolded proteins found in PD, HD and AD, respectively. P62 induced autophagy failure significantly accelerates misfolded protein aggregation. Mitophagy is the special autophagy, functions as the selective scavenger towards the impaired mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed greatly contribute to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Through assistance and connection with parkin, P62 is vital for regulating mitophagy, thus, aberrant P62 could influence the balance of mitophagy, and further disturb mitochondrial quality control. Therefore, accumulation of misfolded proteins leads to the aberrant P62 expression, aberrant P62 influence the balance of mitophagy, forming a vicious circle afterwards. In this review, we summarize the observations on the function of P62 relevant to autophagy and mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, hoping to give some clear and objective opinions to further study.