| Literature DB >> 28968397 |
Tingting Wang1, Yuan Liu1, Zhanzhan Li2, Kaihua Liu3, Yang Xu4, Wenpei Shi1, Lizhang Chen1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women worldwide. IPV during pregnancy is an important risk factor for adverse health outcomes for women and their offspring. However, the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy is not well understood in China. The objective of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in China using a systematic review and meta-analysis.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2017 PMID: 28968397 PMCID: PMC5624577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175108
Source DB: PubMed Journal: PLoS One ISSN: 1932-6203 Impact factor: 3.240
Fig 1Flow diagram of included/excluded studies.
Characteristics of studies on the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in China.
| No. | First author | Year of publication | Duration of data collection | Geographic location | Study design | Sample source | Sampleing method | Sample size | Inverstigation methods and measurement tools | IPV during pregnancy (n) | Prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Liu et al. | 2016 | 2011.03–2012.02 | Shenzhen | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Random sampling | 7,820 | Surveyed with self-constructed items filled out by the mothers | 905 | 11.6 |
| 2 | Zhang | 2008 | 2006.10–2007.02 | Hunan | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Convenience sampling | 846 | Surveyed with Chinese AAS filled out by the mothers | 96 | 11.3 |
| 3 | Huang | 2008 | 2007.05 and 2007.12 | Shanghai | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Convenience sampling | 200 | Surveyed with self-constructed items filled out by the mothers | 5 | 2.5 |
| 4 | Xu et al. | 2008 | 2004.07–2007.12 | Shenzhen | Cross-sectional | Population-based | Stratified cluster sampling | 1,513 | Face-to-face interview with self-constructed items | 93 | 6.1 |
| 5 | Lau et al. | 2008 | 2002.07–2003.02 | HongKong | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Convenience sampling | 1,200 | Surveyed with Chinese AAS and Chinese CTS2 filled out by the mothers | 134 | 11.2 |
| 6 | Yang et al. | 2007 | 2003.01–2003.12 | Taiwan | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Convenience sampling | 1,143 | Surveyed with selected AAS items filled out by the mothers | 79 | 6.9 |
| 7 | Fan et al. | 2006 | 2004.03–2004.09 | Henan, Guangdong | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Cluster sampling | 2,835 | Face-to-face interview with self-constructed items | 327 | 11.5 |
| 8 | Wu et al. | 2005 | 2001.12–2002.02 | Tianjing, Liaoning, Henan and Shanxi | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Convenience sampling | 1,215 | Face-to-face interview with self-constructed items | 85 | 7.0 |
| 9 | Guo et al. | 2004 | 2001.11–2002.02 | Tianjing, Liaoning, Henan and Shanxi | Cross-sectional | Population-based | Stratified cluster sampling | 12,044 | Face-to-face interview with self-constructed items | 998 | 8.3 |
| 10 | Guo et al. | 2002 | 2002.03–2002.04 | Beijing | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Convenience sampling | 380 | Surveyed with self-constructed items filled out by the mothers | 29 | 7.6 |
| 11 | Leung et al. | 2002 | 2000.10–2001.02 | HongKong | Prospective cohort study | Hospital-based | Convenience sampling | 838 | Face-to-face interview with Chinese AAS | 87 | 10.4 |
| 12 | Leung et al. | 1999 | 1998.08–1998.11 | HongKong | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Convenience sampling | 631 | Face-to-face interview with Chinese AAS | 27 | 4.3 |
AAS = Abuse Assessment Screen Questionnaire; CTS2 = the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale.
Fig 2Forest plot of prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in China.
The vertical dotted line indicates the overall effect size of all studies combined.
Univariate meta-regression models.
| Study characteristics | Estimate | SE | 95% CI | Moderator analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLT (df) | VAF (%) | |||||||
| Year of publication | 0.005 | 0.004 | -0.003, 0.014 | 0.208 | 1.586 (1) | 0.208 | 30.77 | |
| Sample size | 0.340 (2) | 0.844 | 21.15 | |||||
| < 1,000 [reference] | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 1,000~2,000 | 0.034 | 0.059 | -0.081, 0.150 | 0.560 | ||||
| >2,000 | 0.015 | 0.055 | -0.093, 0.122 | 0.788 | ||||
| Geographic location | 0.033 (1) | 0.856 | 7.69 | |||||
| Hong Kong/Taiwan [reference] | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Mainland | -0.009 | 0.047 | -0.101, 0.084 | 0.856 | ||||
| Sample source | 4.628 (1) | 0.031 | 65.39 | |||||
| population-based [reference] | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Hospital-based | 0.068 | 0.031 | 0.006, 0.129 | 0.031 | ||||
| Investigation methods | 0.501 (1) | 0.479 | 28.85 | |||||
| Face-to-face interview [reference] | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Fill out by mothers | 0.026 | 0.037 | -0.046, 0.098 | 0.479 | ||||
| Measurement tools | 0.866 (3) | 0.834 | 15.39 | |||||
| Chinese AAS [reference] | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Chinese AAS and Chinese CTS-2 | 0.047 | 0.091 | -0.132, 0.226 | 0.608 | ||||
| Selected item of the AAS | -0.028 | 0.091 | -0.207, 0.152 | 0.726 | ||||
| Self-constructed items | -0.026 | 0.055 | -0.133, 0.082 | 0.641 | ||||
DLT = DerSimonian-Laird test; VAF = variance accounted for.
aCompares model with no variables versus model with each variable separately via DerSimonian-Laird test to test the effect of each variable on the between-study heterogeneity and indicates the proportion of residual heterogeneity in the simplified model accounting for the heterogeneity in the full model.
Prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in different subgroups.
| Category | Subgroup | No.of studies | event | n | Prevalence (%) (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family monthly income | 1.79 | 0.181 | |||||||
| Below/equal to local average | 2 | 43 | 218 | 19.6 (14.6, 25.2) | 19.5 | 0.265 | |||
| More than local average | 2 | 179 | 1,148 | 15.6 (13.6, 17.7) | 0 | 0.798 | |||
| Marital status | 0.98 | 0.323 | |||||||
| Married/cohabiting | 4 | 796 | 14,294 | 9.9 (4.5, 17.2) | 98.5 | < 0.001 | |||
| Single/divorced/separated | 4 | 43 | 352 | 15.5 (7.4, 25.8) | 79.5 | < 0.001 | |||
| Number of children | 8.24 | 0.004 | |||||||
| ≤2 | 2 | 195 | 2,725 | 6.8 (4.8, 12.4) | 77.3 | 0.035 | |||
| >2 | 2 | 180 | 1,663 | 10.8 (9.4, 12.4) | 0 | 0.751 | |||
| Unplanned pregnancy | 4.59 | 0.032 | |||||||
| Unplanned | 3 | 196 | 656 | 35.9 (13.6, 62.1) | 97.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| Planned | 3 | 128 | 1,035 | 11.6 (8.6, 15.1) | 57.7 | 0.094 | |||
| Maternal education level | 1.31 | 0.253 | |||||||
| ≤9 years | 4 | 670 | 6,157 | 15.9 (7.8, 26.2) | 98.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| >9 years | 4 | 922 | 14,682 | 10.0 (5.5, 15.6) | 98.6 | < 0.001 | |||
| Maternal employment status | 0.49 | 0.485 | |||||||
| Unemployed | 5 | 578 | 4,052 | 21.5 (13.0, 31.4) | 95.9 | < 0.001 | |||
| Employed | 5 | 686 | 6,044 | 16.7 (8.3, 27.3) | 97.8 | < 0.001 | |||
| Maternal drinking | 1.19 | 0.276 | |||||||
| Drinker | 5 | 194 | 1,917 | 20.7 (10.6, 33.2) | 94.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-drinker | 5 | 731 | 12,959 | 12.9 (5.7, 22.4) | 98.8 | < 0.001 | |||
| Maternal smoking | 1.63 | 0.202 | |||||||
| Smoker | 5 | 112 | 859 | 22.0 (12.4, 33.4) | 89.4 | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-smoker | 5 | 813 | 14,019 | 13.1 (5.8, 22.8) | 98.8 | < 0.001 | |||
| Paternal education level | 0.23 | 0.632 | |||||||
| ≤9 years | 3 | 191 | 2,630 | 18.1 (7.0, 32.9) | 97.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| >9 years | 3 | 496 | 10,780 | 11.9 (4.4, 22.3) | 98.0 | < 0.001 | |||
| Paternal employment status | 0.98 | 0.323 | |||||||
| Unemployed | 4 | 69 | 246 | 28.2 (7.6, 55.4) | 92 | < 0.001 | |||
| Employed | 4 | 325 | 2,564 | 15.6 (8.1, 25.1) | 97 | < 0.001 | |||
| Paternal drinking | 2.16 | 0.141 | |||||||
| Drinker | 4 | 821 | 11,703 | 15.2 (6.4, 26.8) | 99.2 | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-drinker | 4 | 771 | 9,429 | 7.0 (2.6, 13.1) | 98.2 | < 0.001 | |||
| Paternal smoking | 1.08 | 0.299 | |||||||
| Smoker | 3 | 534 | 9,309 | 15.8 (5.3, 28.8) | 98.8 | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-smoker | 3 | 153 | 4,100 | 7.9 (2.2, 16.7) | 93.6 | < 0.001 |
Fig 3Funnel plot with 95% confidence limits of the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in China.
The solid line represents the summary effect estimates, and the dotted lines are pseudo 95% confidence limits.