Zohre Salehipour1, Dariush Haghmorad2, Mojtaba Sankian3, Maryam Rastin4, Reza Nosratabadi5, Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal6, Nafiseh Tabasi7, Mahdieh Khazaee8, Leila Roozbeh Nasiraii9, Mahmoud Mahmoudi10. 1. Immunology Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: salehiz891@mums.ac.ir. 2. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Electronic address: dhagmorad@gmail.com. 3. Immunology Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Sankianm@mums.ac.ir. 4. Immunology Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: rastinm@mums.ac.ir. 5. Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Electronic address: rz_nosratabadi@yahoo.com. 6. Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Soltanda@sina.tums.ac.ir. 7. Immunology Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Tabasin1@mums.ac.ir. 8. Immunology Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Khazaeem1@mums.ac.ir. 9. Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran. Electronic address: leila_roozbeh@yahoo.com. 10. Immunology Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: mahmoudim@mums.ac.ir.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent reports have shown that probiotics can induce immunomodulatory activity with promising effects in inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum A7, which comprises human commensal bacteria, and Bifidobacterium animalis, a potential probiotic strain, on alleviation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. METHODS: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of probiotic strains, female C57BL/6 mice (8-10 wks old) received Lactobacillus plantarum A7, Bifidobacterium animalis PTCC 1631or a mixture of both strains through oral administration daily for 22days beginning simultaneous with induction of EAE. The clinical parameters were recorded daily. On Day 22, each mouse was bled, and their spinal cord was removed for histology analysis. The effects of the treatments on regulatory T (Treg) cells level were evaluated using flow cytometry, and T-cell proliferation was assessed using a BrdU incorporation assay. The supernatants of spleen and lymph nodes cultured and mononuclear cells were collected for quantification of different panel of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines by ELISA. The analysis of gene expression was performed at RNA level for transcription factors by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The results showed that treatment with a mixture of the two strains caused a more significant delay in the time of disease onset and clinical score compared to when the strains were used alone. The pathological features of the disease, such as mononuclear infiltration into the CNS, were also inhibited more significantly by the combinational approach. The results also revealed that treatment with combination of both strains enhanced the population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+-expressing T-cells in the lymph nodes and the spleen. TREATMENT: with our probiotic strains markedly inhibited disease associated cytokines while increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, L. plantarumA7 and B. animalis ameliorated EAE condition by favoring Th2 and Treg differentiation via up-regulation of Foxp3 and GATA3 in the brain and spleen as well as inhibited the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The current research provided evidence that probiotic therapy with L. plantarum and B. animalis can effectively attenuate EAE progression as well as reinforce the polarization of regulatory T-cells.
BACKGROUND:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent reports have shown that probiotics can induce immunomodulatory activity with promising effects in inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum A7, which comprises human commensal bacteria, and Bifidobacterium animalis, a potential probiotic strain, on alleviation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. METHODS: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of probiotic strains, female C57BL/6 mice (8-10 wks old) received Lactobacillus plantarum A7, Bifidobacterium animalis PTCC 1631or a mixture of both strains through oral administration daily for 22days beginning simultaneous with induction of EAE. The clinical parameters were recorded daily. On Day 22, each mouse was bled, and their spinal cord was removed for histology analysis. The effects of the treatments on regulatory T (Treg) cells level were evaluated using flow cytometry, and T-cell proliferation was assessed using a BrdU incorporation assay. The supernatants of spleen and lymph nodes cultured and mononuclear cells were collected for quantification of different panel of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines by ELISA. The analysis of gene expression was performed at RNA level for transcription factors by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The results showed that treatment with a mixture of the two strains caused a more significant delay in the time of disease onset and clinical score compared to when the strains were used alone. The pathological features of the disease, such as mononuclear infiltration into the CNS, were also inhibited more significantly by the combinational approach. The results also revealed that treatment with combination of both strains enhanced the population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+-expressing T-cells in the lymph nodes and the spleen. TREATMENT: with our probiotic strains markedly inhibited disease associated cytokines while increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, L. plantarumA7 and B. animalis ameliorated EAE condition by favoring Th2 and Treg differentiation via up-regulation of Foxp3 and GATA3 in the brain and spleen as well as inhibited the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The current research provided evidence that probiotic therapy with L. plantarum and B. animalis can effectively attenuate EAE progression as well as reinforce the polarization of regulatory T-cells.
Authors: Stephanie K Tankou; Keren Regev; Brian C Healy; Emily Tjon; Luca Laghi; Laura M Cox; Pia Kivisäkk; Isabelle V Pierre; Lokhande Hrishikesh; Roopali Gandhi; Sandra Cook; Bonnie Glanz; James Stankiewicz; Howard L Weiner Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2018-06-08 Impact factor: 10.422
Authors: Danica Michaličková; Hatice Kübra Öztürk; J Hroudová; M Ľupták; T Kučera; T Hrnčíř; N Kutinová Canová; M Šíma; O Slanař Journal: Physiol Res Date: 2022-01-19 Impact factor: 1.881
Authors: John Michael S Sanchez; Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva; Jane E Libbey; Robert S Fujinami Journal: Clin Immunol Date: 2020-03-07 Impact factor: 3.969