VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor activation on GABA release from hippocampal nerve terminals involve several different signalling pathways.

BACKGROUND AND
PURPOSE: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an important modulator of hippocampal synaptic transmission that influences both GABAergic synaptic transmission and glutamatergic cell excitability through activation of VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. Presynaptic enhancement of GABA release contributes to VIP modulation of hippocampal synaptic transmission. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We investigated which VIP receptors and coupled transduction pathways were involved in VIP enhancement of K+ -evoked [3 H]-GABA release from isolated nerve terminals of rat hippocampus. KEY
RESULTS: VIP enhancement of [3 H]-GABA release was potentiated in the presence of the VPAC1 receptor antagonist PG 97-269 but converted into an inhibition in the presence of the VPAC2 receptor antagonist PG 99-465, suggesting that activation of VPAC1 receptors inhibits and activation of VPAC2 receptors enhances, GABA release. A VPAC1 receptor agonist inhibited exocytotic voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC)-dependent [3 H]-GABA release through activation of protein Gi/o , an effect also dependent on PKC activity. A VPAC2 receptor agonist enhanced both exocytotic VGCC-dependent release through protein Gs -dependent, PKA-dependent and PKC-dependent mechanisms and GABA transporter 1-mediated [3 H]-GABA release through a Gs protein-dependent and PKC-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our results show that VPAC1 and VPAC2 VIP receptors have opposing actions on GABA release from hippocampal nerve terminals through activation of different transduction pathways. As VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors are located in different layers of Ammon's horn, our results suggest that these VIP receptors underlie different modulation of synaptic transmission to pyramidal cell dendrites and cell bodies, with important consequences for their possible therapeutic application in the treatment of epilepsy.