Christine Delisle Nyström1, Pontus Henriksson2,3, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno4,5, María Medrano6, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez3, Natalia María Arias-Palencia4,7, Marie Löf2, Jonatan R Ruiz2,3, Idoia Labayen8, Mairena Sánchez-López4,9, Francisco B Ortega2,3. 1. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden christine.delisle.nystrom@ki.se. 2. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. 3. Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity (PROFITH) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 4. Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain. 5. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile. 6. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. 7. School of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain. 8. Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 9. School of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate 1) differences in cardiometabolic risk and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) across BMI categories (underweight to morbid obesity), 2) whether fit children have lower cardiometabolic risk/HOMA-IR than unfit children in each BMI category, and 3) differences in cardiometabolic risk/HOMA-IR in normal-weight unfit children and obese fit children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A pooled study including cross-sectional data from three projects (n = 1,247 children aged 8-11 years). Cardiometabolic risk was assessed using the sum of the sex- and age-specific z scores for triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, and the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR. RESULTS: A significant linear association was observed between the risk score and BMI categories (P trend ≤0.001), with every incremental rise in BMI category being associated with a 0.5 SD higher risk score (standardized β = 0.474, P < 0.001). A trend was found showing that as BMI categories rose, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) attenuated the risk score, with the biggest differences observed in the most obese children (-0.8 SD); however, this attenuation was significant only in mild obesity (-0.2 SD, P = 0.048). Normal-weight unfit children had a significantly lower risk score than obese fit children (P < 0.001); however, a significant reduction in the risk score was found in obese fit compared with unfit children (-0.4 SD, P = 0.027). Similar results were obtained for HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS: As BMI categories rose so did cardiometabolic risk and HOMA-IR, which highlights the need for obesity prevention/treatment programs in childhood. Furthermore, CRF may play an important role in lowering the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in obese children.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate 1) differences in cardiometabolic risk and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) across BMI categories (underweight to morbid obesity), 2) whether fit children have lower cardiometabolic risk/HOMA-IR than unfit children in each BMI category, and 3) differences in cardiometabolic risk/HOMA-IR in normal-weight unfit children and obese fitchildren. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A pooled study including cross-sectional data from three projects (n = 1,247 children aged 8-11 years). Cardiometabolic risk was assessed using the sum of the sex- and age-specific z scores for triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, and the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR. RESULTS: A significant linear association was observed between the risk score and BMI categories (P trend ≤0.001), with every incremental rise in BMI category being associated with a 0.5 SD higher risk score (standardized β = 0.474, P < 0.001). A trend was found showing that as BMI categories rose, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) attenuated the risk score, with the biggest differences observed in the most obesechildren (-0.8 SD); however, this attenuation was significant only in mild obesity (-0.2 SD, P = 0.048). Normal-weight unfit children had a significantly lower risk score than obese fitchildren (P < 0.001); however, a significant reduction in the risk score was found in obese fit compared with unfit children (-0.4 SD, P = 0.027). Similar results were obtained for HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS: As BMI categories rose so did cardiometabolic risk and HOMA-IR, which highlights the need for obesity prevention/treatment programs in childhood. Furthermore, CRF may play an important role in lowering the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in obesechildren.
Authors: Eero A Haapala; Petri Wiklund; Niina Lintu; Tuomo Tompuri; Juuso Väistö; Taija Finni; Ina M Tarkka; Titta Kemppainen; Alan R Barker; Ulf Ekelund; Soren Brage; Timo A Lakka Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2020-05
Authors: Pontus Henriksson; Johanna Sandborg; Emmie Söderström; Marja H Leppänen; Victoria Snekkenes; Marie Blomberg; Francisco B Ortega; Marie Löf Journal: Nutr Diabetes Date: 2021-06-07 Impact factor: 5.097
Authors: Noelia Lahoz-García; Antonio García-Hermoso; Marta Milla-Tobarra; Ana Díez-Fernández; Alba Soriano-Cano; Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno Journal: Nutrients Date: 2018-03-16 Impact factor: 5.717